Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    Critical Materials for Climate Technologies in the EU. An overview of five renowned studies
    ( 2023-01)
    Barkhausen, Robin orcid-logo
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    Schmidt, Patrick Alexander
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    Gervais, Estelle orcid-logo
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    Heumann, Johannes
    ;
    Hofmann, Alexander orcid-logo
    Against the backdrop of the climate crisis, countries worldwide agreed in the Paris agreement to keep global warming below 2°C compared to the pre-industrial era, ideally below 1.5°C. The EU set out the goal to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 - a goal for which the energy sector will play a central role, as the production and use of energy is responsible for more than 75% of greenhouse gas emissions. To transition to low carbon energy production, photovoltaic and wind turbines, coupled with energy conversion technologies such as electrolysers, fuel cells, and batteries, are believed to be key solutions. But these technologies require substantial amounts of scarce raw materials with EU import dependency and environmental and social problems connected to extraction and refining. The vulnerability of the EU energy sector became apparent in 2022 at the example of its dependency on Russian oil and gas. The supply chain for clean energy technologies could be equally vulnerable and jeopardise the achievement of EU climate targets. A plethora of studies dealing with resource scarcity has been performed. These studies, however, differ in their results regarding the most critical materials and often only provide vague recommendations on how to increase the resilience of the production and supply chains. Hence, it is of interest to synthesize the findings of major studies from renowned institutions, identify commonalities as well as differences, filter out areas with need for immediate action and create an overview of critical materials in climate technologies.
  • Publication
    Assessment of the additional electricity demand to decarbonise the aviation sector in Germany until 2050 based on technology diffusion method
    ( 2022)
    Khanra, Manish orcid-logo
    ;
    Prabhu, Shashank Deepak orcid-logo
    The hard-to-abate transportation sectors have a considerable share of overall GHG emissions. In particular, the aviation sector accounts for 2.5% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions and is expected to grow further [1]. Decarbonisation of such sectors is currently high on the agenda in the European Union and its member states. The emissions associated with the aviation sector are anticipated to grow considerably, with possible increase across Germany as well as Europe. Mitigating such emissions requires deliberate efforts and planned interventions. Alternative fuels based on renewable electricity and new propulsion technologies can play a key role in the transition towards CO2-neutral, hard-to-abate transport sectors. Production and synthesis of such fuels are usually energy intensive process that requires substantially high electricity and higher penetration of renewable energy sources in the system. In this paper, two scenarios have been analysed by developing an agent based model to simulate the technology diffusion process. To systematically investigate the process considering a data driven bottom up approach, techno-economic, environmental, regulatory and infrastructural uncertainties were incorporated to represent the complexities of this sector. Model simulations gave multiple possibilities regarding the energy demand, the outputs of which were then compared with reference scenarios. Our findings show that the additional electricity demand in 2050 to decarbonise the aviation sector in Germany, is approximately 4 TWh via biological route, whereas using non-biological route the demand increased up to 109 TWh, resulting in a relative CO2 emission mitigation of roughly 58 %.
  • Publication
    Finding and analysing energy research funding data: The EnArgus system
    ( 2021)
    Oppermann, Leif
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    Hirzel, Simon orcid-logo
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    Güldner, Alexander
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    Heiwolt, Karoline
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    Krassowski, Joachim
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    Schade, Ulrich
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    Lange, Christoph
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    Prinz, Wolfgang
    This paper presents the concept, a system-overview, and the evaluation of EnArgus, the central information system for energy research funding in Germany. Initiated by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), EnArgus establishes a one-stop information system about all recent and ongoing energy research funding projects in Germany. Participants ranging from laypersons to experts were surveyed in three workshops to evaluate both the public and expert interfaces of the EnArgus system in comparison to peer systems. The results showed that the EnArgus system was predominantly evaluated positively by the various participants. It contributes to making the energy sector more transparent and offers clear advantages for professional use compared to similar systems. The system's semantic processing enables more precise hits and better coverage by including semantically related terms in search results; its intelligence makes it fail-safe, rendering it suitable for areas where poor results can have dire consequences. Reporting on an actual real-world system, the paper also provides a roadmap-view of how electronic filing of administrative project data can be semantically enhanced and opened-up to provide the basis for new ways into the data that are key for future breakthrough AI interfaces.
  • Publication
    What's going on in energy efficiency research? A platform to enhance the transparency of energy research funding in Germany
    ( 2017)
    Hirzel, Simon orcid-logo
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    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
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    Rohde, Clemens orcid-logo
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    Teufel, Benjamin
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    Krassowski, Joachim
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    Beier, Carsten
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    Rauscher, Thomas
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    Frick, Jürgen
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    Schreiner, Michael
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    Wagner, Hermann-Josef
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    Flamme, Stefan
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    Pöstges, Arne
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    Oppermann, Leif
    ;
    Heiwolt, Karoline
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    Ruland, Rudolf
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    Sikorski, Lukas
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    Seier, Maximilian
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    Frietsch, Oliver
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    Koch, Thomas
    Public funding of energy research projects is a major pillar for developing new energy-efficient technologies and concepts. With European energy and climate targets driving such projects, it is becoming challenging to keep up with their ever-increasing number. Our contribution demonstrates how combining the expertise on energy efficiency and renewable energies, linguistic text processing and modern information technology can help to respond to this challenge and thereby render research funding more transparent and accessible to the public. We provide an overview of the German energy research funding information system 'EnArgus'. This web-based system makes it possible to intelligently review and cluster the vast number of publicly-funded energy research projects in Germany carried out since 1970. The core element of the system is an ontology-assisted search engine derived from more than 2,200 short articles, which were specifically prepared for this purpose. These texts cover energy technologies as well as the related basic terminology and concepts. To illustrate the system, we provide an overview of its structure, its main components and a summary of its evaluation as well as important lessons learned from the project. The results of the evaluation indicate that the system is well suited to help structure and access the growing number of publicly-funded energy research projects.
  • Publication
    Reflexionsrahmen für Forschen in gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung
    ( 2016)
    Ferretti, Johanna
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    Daedlow, Katrin
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    Helming, Helmig
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    Podhora, Aranka
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    Kopfmüller, Jürgen
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    Winkelmann, Markus
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    Kammula, Ellen
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    Burauel, Peter
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    Bertling, Jürgen orcid-logo
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    Walz, Rainer orcid-logo
  • Publication
    Forschen für nachhaltige Entwicklung: Kriterien für gesellschaftlich verantwortliche Forschungsprozesse
    ( 2016)
    Helming, Katharina
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    Ferretti, Johanna
    ;
    Daedlow, Katrin
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    Podhora, Aranka
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    Kopfmüller, Jürgen
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    Winkelmann, Markus
    ;
    Bertling, Jürgen orcid-logo
    ;
    Walz, Rainer orcid-logo
    Forschung spielt eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Gestaltung nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Diese gesellschaftliche Verantwortung spiegelt sich nicht nur in Forschungsinhalten, sondern auch in der Durchführung von Forschung. Wir haben einen Reflexionsrahmen entwickelt, der acht Kriterien für gesellschaftlich verantwortliche Forschungsprozesse umfasst und damit dieses ""Wie"" der Forschung systematisiert. Er adressiert Anforderungen bezüglich gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung in Forschungsprozessen aller Forschungsfelder und erfordert eine Auseinandersetzung mit möglichen Zielkonflikten.
  • Publication
    EnArgus: Zentrales Informationssystem Energieforschungsförderung
    ( 2015)
    Oppermann, Leif
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    Hinrichs, Elke
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    Schade, Ulrich
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    Koch, Thomas
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    Rettweiler, Manuela
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    Ohrem, Frederike
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    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
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    Beier, Carsten
    ;
    Prinz, Wolfgang
    Mit EnArgus stellen wir ein interdisziplinäres Projekt von Energieforschern, Informatikern und Linguisten vor: die Erstellung eines zentralen Informationssystems für die Energieforschungsförderung in Deutschland. EnArgus stellt über ein neues Energieforschungs-Wiki für ausgewählte Themenbereiche der Energieforschung eine Fachontologie bereit, die die Basis für intelligentes Suchen in einer großen Datenbank von Fördervorhaben bildet. Die ontologiebasierte Suchmaschine ist das Kernstück des EnArgus-Informationssystems. EnArgus richtet sich an heterogene Zielgruppen, was sich in verschiedenen Benutzerschnittstellenniederschlägt; wir stellen EnArgus.public, EnArgus.master, EnArgus.wiki und die zugrundeliegende Fachontologie vor und skizzieren den Projektverlauf von der Anforderungsanalyse bis zur Evaluation. Abschließend berichten wir über die derzeit laufenden Weiterentwicklungen im Nachfolgeprojekt EnArgus2.0.
  • Publication
    Smart integration of electric vehicles into European power grids
    ( 2010)
    Metz, M.
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    Dötsch, C.
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    Warweg, O.
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    Schaller, F.
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    Mattes, K.
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    Dallinger, D.
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    Kley, F.
    The Fraunhofer-Institutes UMSICHT, ISI and IOSB are currently working on concepts and profitable business solutions for the integration of electric vehicles [EVs] in the global markets for control reserve, electric energy and local power grid services. The integration process is complex, due to partly competing interests of the involved actors (energy producer, supplier, grid operator, owner). Furthermore single EVs offer a small capacity in comparison to other market participants and their main purpose is to satisfy the mobility needs of the owners. To find a solution for these conflicting options the driving behaviour of potential EV users is analyzed to obtain information about grid connection times as well as battery specific parameters on working and weekend days. Based on these information specific grid connection scenarios for EVs are defined, which differ in their characteristics (e.g. place, time, duration of a (dis)charging process). The objective is to gain information about how to determine the real available positive or negative capacity/power of a pool of EVs in a grid. The next step is to examine how the defined global and local marketing options can be integrated to balance individual interests (e.g. cost optimized charging for the user, arbitrage for the pool operator, security of energy supply for the grid operator) and political interests (safe and efficient energy distribution system).