Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Methods to define indicators on research and innovation in the bioeconomy

2024 , Wydra, Sven , Kroll, Henning , Ronzon, Tévécia , M’barek, Robert , Lasarte Lopez, Jesús

The innovation in the bioeconomy sectors is a key enabler for transitioning towards a carbon-neutral economy and complying with the objectives of the EU’s Bioeconomy Strategy. Consequently, the EU-Bioeconomy Monitoring System places significant emphasis on indicators of research and innovation activities in the bioeconomy sectors, and some placeholders within this field were foreseen in its current structure. In order to retrieve relevant data on bioeconomy innovation and make methodological choices, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) contracted recognized experts in the field. The experts assessed the feasibility of implementing the planned indicators and proposed complementary ones. This report presents the results of the experts' analysis of the evaluation of the indicators foreseen in the EU-Bioeconomy Monitoring System, and offers an operational description of the methodologies to retrieve, transform, and display data for research and innovation in the bioeconomy sectors. The final list of proposed indicators is as follows: - Private Sector investment in research and development - EU Public Sector investment in research and development - Public Sector investment in research and development (member states) - Number of students/graduates in fields relevant to the bioeconomy - Number of research outputs in the field of bioeconomy - Total number of patents for the bioeconomy - EC-Sponsored Pilot Plants opened in a given year (number/investment) The report concludes that some indicators, such as private sector investment in research and development, number of students/graduates in bioeconomy-related fields, and research outputs in the bioeconomy field, are almost readily implementable. However, other indicators, such as public sector investment in research and development, market volume in bioeconomy relevant areas, and total number of patents for the bioeconomy, may require a moderate or resource-intensive investment for implementation.

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Key Insights on the Socio-Economic Impact of Quantum Electrical Metrology

2024 , Pullmann, Liliya , Weymann, Lukas , Reiß, Thomas , Schmaltz, Thomas , Shirinzadeh, Saeideh

Quantum Electrical Metrology (QEM) has a fundamental role within the National Measurement Infrastructure. QEM enables enhanced measurement capability by exploiting quantum strategies for improved sensitivity and accuracy of measurements, from which different industries and applications take advantage. Improvements in the realisation of primary standards in terms of higher accuracy, better usability, reduction of complexity and cost are essential to better meet the needs of new technologies and industries. Around 40% of all calibration services provided in the European countries are linked to electrical calibration. Various instruments and devices utilised across different sectors need to be calibrated against primary standards. The transfer of primary electrical standards to calibration labs and end users has proven to have multiple economic effects: considerable reduction of costs, risks and measurement uncertainties, resulting in better quality of products and higher overall cost-effectiveness for end users. Advances in QEM have direct impacts on measurement instruments and tools. While the electrical measurement instrumentation market is a niche market, it is invaluable from the economic point of view, as it provides specialised equipment broadly used across the economy. Significant impact is particularly expected from a broader application of electrical measurement technology in a production environment (on the factory floor), where it has substantial effects on quality assurance and reduction of scrap, rework, and re-test. The electrical and electronics sector is by far the largest user of electrical metrology technology, followed by IT & Telecommunication and industrial manufacturing. For providers of strategic technologies and applications, where even small measurement/calibration error can cost millions every year or cause serious harm, accurate calibration and measurements are critical. These in-volve the aviation and space industry, military and defense, medical equipment, and basic science and research. Accurate measurements of electrical parameters and calibration contribute signifi-cantly to the strategically important semiconductor industries and quantum computing technologies. Considerable socio-economic impact of QEM is generated in highly relevant application contexts, such as measurement of air pollutants, ionising radiation therapy (radiotherapy) for treating cancer, Earth Observation, Next Generation DNA and RNA sequencing.

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Megawatt-Laden im Lkw-Fernverkehr: Erste Erkenntnisse zu Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätzen

2024 , Plötz, Patrick , Speth, Daniel , Kappler, Lena , Satvat, Bonjat , Klausmann, Florian

Im Projekt "HoLa - Hochleistungsladen im Lkw-Fernverkehr" werden an fünf Standorten insgesamt acht Hochleistungsladepunkte mit dem sogenannten Megawatt Charging Systems (MCS) sowie zehn mit dem Combined Charging System (CCS) aufgebaut, betrieben und im realen Logistikbetrieb angewandt. Das Projekt dient der realen Erprobung dieses neuen Systems und unterstützt den flächendeckenden Ausbau von Ladeinfrastruktur für Lkw. Ziel des vorliegenden Berichtes ist es, die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus der ersten Hälfte der Projektlaufzeit darzustellen. Aus den bisherigen Projekterfahrungen, Analysen und Ergebnissen ergeben sich Handlungsempfehlungen (1) zur zukünftigen Rolle von MCS und Ladenetzwerken, (2) zu Netzanschluss, Eichrecht und Planung, (3) zu einem möglichen Standardlayout an Rasthöfen und der Flächenverfügbarkeit sowie (4) zur Datenverfügbarkeit für zukünftige Analysen.

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Exzellent forschen in gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung

2024 , Kopfmüller, Jürgen , Walz, Rainer

Die Wissenschaft sieht sich zunehmend komplexeren Fragestellungen gegenüber, verbunden mit steigenden Wissens- und Handlungsunsicherheiten. In der ihr zuge-schriebenen „Doppelrolle” als zugleich Verursacherin und potenzielle Löserin von Problemen ist sie mit „flüchtigem“ Vertrauen der Gesellschaft konfrontiert, aber auch mit wachsenden gesellschaftlichen Ansprüchen, möglichst rasch Beiträge zur Lösung drängender Probleme zu liefern. Die wissenschaftsinternen Diskussionen über ihre „Mission“ und die zu bewältigenden Herausforderungen betonen daher zunehmend die Notwendigkeit, die gesellschaftliche Verantwortung von Wissenschaft zu stärken. Dabei geht es um die Frage, wie das Wissenschaftssystem gesteuert werden kann, um die Schwerpunkte zwischen Freiheit der Wissenschaft, ihrer Orientierung an Wettbewerb und Effzienz, ihrer gesellschaftlichen Wirkung sowie ihrer Rolle in Transformationsprozessen auszutarieren und zu realisieren.

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The potential of cycling for climate protection and livable urban centers and regions

2024 , Doll, Claus , Brauer, Clemens , Duffner-Korbee, Dorien

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Potential and resilience: Evidence from peripheral regions of Germany

2024 , Maruseva, Valeria , Kroll, Henning

Large and economically diverse countries often face a problem of regional imbalances which goes beyond a simple division between a core and a periphery. In large countries regions "out of the core" demonstrate substantial variety in economic, social and cultural terms, they have difference resource and technological base. These local specifics determine to large extent new their path development and ability to grasp the opportunities provided by ongoing socio-technological transformation. This paper suggests classification of non-core regions of Germany under relational perspective, taking into account not only geographical remoteness of these regions, but also their social, economic and demographic characteristics. Breaking down the periphery of Germany to several more homogeneous groups allows us to evaluate their resilience and potential in a more precise manner, providing thus a base for policy implications and future research.

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Benchmarking International Battery Policies

2024 , Endo, Chie , Kaufmann, Tanja , Schmuch, Richard , Thielmann, Axel

Die Studie Benchmarking International Battery Policies: Eine länderübergreifende Analyse der internationalen öffentlichen Batteriestrategien mit Fokus auf Deutschland, die EU, die USA, Südkorea, Japan und China vergleicht die Batteriepolitik der führenden Länder in der Batterieforschung und -industrie. Der Bericht analysiert ihre politischen und technischen Ziele, Leistungsindikatoren und Förderstrategien mit Schwerpunkt auf Lithium-Ionen-, Festkörper- und alternativen Batterien und gibt einen Überblick über den Status quo und die Entwicklung der globalen Situation.

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Innovation without growth? Exploring the (in)dependency of innovation on economic growth

2024 , Heyen, Nils B. , Zenker, Andrea , Aichinger, Heike , Bratan, Tanja , Kaufmann, Tanja , Schnabl, Esther

For more than a decade, advocates of both green growth and degrowth have argued about the role of economic growth for the transformation towards a societal system that ensures social well-being on a global scale without transgressing planetary boundaries. Given that such a transformation needs innovations of various kinds, this article explores the question of how dependent innovation is on economic growth and what effects a potential long-term economic stagnation or decline may have on innovation processes and systems. We approach the subject from different angles using mixed methods. First, we present a quantitative analysis of the linkages between economic growth and innovation activities on a sectoral level, based on data of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for Germany. Here, we find two sectors (petroleum and advertising industries) showing negative growth rates but still a higher than average share of innovative enterprises. Subsequently, we present an in-depth qualitative case study of the international pharmaceutical sector, which allows us to include a qualitative evaluation dimension. Here, we investigate different innovation approaches and find that both the amount of capital needed to finance research and development activities and the added health benefit of novel drugs vary greatly. We finally conclude that economic growth is not a necessary condition for all kinds of innovation and reflect on some implications for innovation policy. If in a post-growth era financial resources are limited, a shift to less capital-intensive types of innovation and a concentration on innovations which address prioritised societal or ecological needs seem feasible.

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Potenziale des Radverkehrs für den Klimaschutz und für lebenswerte Städte und Regionen

2024 , Doll, Claus , Brauer, Clemens , Duffner-Korbee, Dorien

Deutschland hat das Potenzial, den Radverkehrsanteil an Wegen bis 30 Kilometer Länge bis 2035 zu verdreifachen und die Verkehrsemissionen im Nahbereich um 34 Prozent zu reduzieren. 19 Millionen Tonnen CO2-Äquivalente können jährlich eingespart werden, wenn die Radwege hervorragend ausgebaut, gute Schnittstellen mit Bus und Bahn geschaffen und die Kommunen fahrradfreundlich mit kurzen Wegen geplant werden

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Report on long term effects of sufficiency lifestyles and governance approaches for diffusion. FULFILL Deliverable D 3.3

2024 , Alexander-Haw, Abigail , Dütschke, Elisabeth , Janßen, Hannah , Schleich, Joachim , Tröger, Josephine , Tschaut, Mareike

This deliverable outlines the second round of representative citizen surveys in the FULFILL project, focusing on sufficiency lifestyles at the micro level in five European countries. The objectives include understanding the persistence of sufficiency lifestyles, exploring the acceptability of policy measures and investigating potential diffusion pathways. The study includes a second survey wave, interviewing the same respondents as in a previous deliverable (D3.1), and three experimental surveys in the areas of housing and diet. All of the experiments use framing effects, in which participants are randomly provided with different information. Statistical analysis is used to test whether the different types of information affect the acceptability of the policies. The experimental surveys also include components that explore the diffusion pathways of sufficiency lifestyles. The longitudinal study reveals stability in lifestyles between 2021 and 2022, despite the ongoing energy crisis in Europe, with overall higher carbon footprints in 2022, making transitions to lower carbon footprints challenging. The housing survey reveals low acceptability of strict sufficiency policies, such as banning the construction of new single-family homes or taxing above-average living space. When the policy was presented as a means of 'overcoming' rather than 'punishing' unsustainable housing choices, acceptability ratings were higher. The dietary studies show generally high acceptability for climate labelling and a meat-free day in canteens, and generally low acceptability for a meat tax. A combined climate risk and health framing showed little effect, while an effectiveness and acceptance framing had an impact on policy acceptability. Acceptability for the meat tax was higher when combined with information on effectiveness and acceptance, but lower for climate labelling and meat-free days. The analysis of diffusion pathways suggests that sustainable diets enjoy more widespread awareness and discussion compared to sustainable housing. Overall, respondents with more favourable attitudes towards sustainable diets or sustainable housing and higher environmental concern report a greater likelihood of engaging in discussions about the topic. Limitations of all surveys and experimental studies include the possible influence of crises, limited familiarity of respondents with the issues studied and variations in sample size. The exploration of gender difference has unearthed various patterns that merit further investigation. In conclusion, despite challenges and country differences, the findings provide valuable insights for promoting sufficiency lifestyles.

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