Now showing 1 - 10 of 25
  • Publication
    How firms absorb external knowledge - modelling and managing the absorptive capacity process
    ( 2021) ;
    Dreher, Carsten
    ;
    Som, Oliver
    This paper contributes to the literature and management practice by opening the ""black box"" of firms' absorptive capacity (AC) processes. Following a process research approach and based on in-depth comparative case studies of four German manufacturing companies, we develop and empirically validate a procss model of the firm-internal AC process. Our model integrates the different single elements (e.g., individuals, teams, departments) as well as the different linear and nonlinear causal interactions that constitute the firm's ability to identify, adopt, implement and exploit external information and knowledge. Furthermore, the paper elaborates on various organizational leverages to increase the effectiveness of the identified process flows. The findings provide explanatory insight into the organisational prerequisites of AC. Thus, the paper simultaneously contributes to enhance the academic and management's understanding of firms' AC by identifying its constitutional key elements, their different kinds of processual interrelation as well as organisational prerequisites and points of leverage to modify, measure, and improve the AC of a company.
  • Publication
    Standardisierung als innovationspolitisches Instrument
    Der Beitrag zeigt nach einem einleitenden Kapitel mit den wichtigsten Definitionen zunächst die verschiedenen innovationsfördernden Effekte von Standards auf. Anschließend werden die wichtigsten Markt- und Systemversagensgründe bezüglich Innovation vorgestellt und die Potenziale der Standardisierung zu deren Behebung herausgearbeitet. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, das innovationsfördernde Potenzial der Standardisierung und von Standards noch weiter zu steigern.
  • Publication
    Designing complex policy mixes: Elements, processes and characteristics
    In the last decade, researchers and policy makers alike have increasingly moved away from the consideration of single policy tools and towards a greater consideration of their combination and resulting interactions. Much of this policy design work has used - albeit with varying definitions and based on different bodies of literature - the term policy mix to capture such interacting instruments, may that be in environmental policy, innovation policy, biodiversity policy, or other policy fields. However, these 'simple' conceptualizations of policy mixes have been recently extended to a consideration of more 'complex' policy mixes, particularly in the context of sustainability transitions, such as the transition to low-carbon energy systems. This chapter will provide an overview of this new orientation in policy mix research, including an introduction to the major building blocks - the elements, processes and characteristics - as well as dimensions of 'complex' policy mixes. It concludes by outlining how such an extended policy mix concept can serve as integrated framework for policy mix evaluation and design.
  • Publication
    Exploring the german living lab research infrastructure: Opportunities for sustainable products and services
    ( 2017)
    Geibler, Justus von
    ;
    Baedeker, Carolin
    ;
    Liedtke, Christa
    ;
    Rohn, Holger
    ;
    Living Labs for Sustainable Development aim to generate low-resource innovations in production-consumption systems by integrating users and actors. This chapter presents the results of a German study investigating potentials of and measures towards the realization of a German Living Lab infrastructure to support actor-integrated sustainability research and innovations in Germany Geibler et al. (2014). Generally, as the status quo analysis revealed, the sustainability and Living Lab communities in Germany are hardly intertwined. However, twelve Living Labs that explicitly consider sustainability aspects could be identified. The analyses of drivers and barriers as well as SWOT (Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) provided the foundation to identify options for the promotion of a user-integrating research infrastructure supporting sustainable products and services. The measures suggested for Germany include a funding program for actor-integrated, socio-technical research based on a Living Lab network, a communication campaign, and programs to foster networking and the inclusion of SMEs. Some of the suggested measures have already been taken up.
  • Publication
    Reviewing the evidence on the innovation impact of the EU Emission Trading System
    The Paris Climate Agreement calls for decarbonization of the economy in the second half of this century. This requires a radical redirection and acceleration of technological change towards low- and particularly zero-carbon solutions. Global carbon pricing is seen as a key enabler for such decarbonization, with the European Union's Emission Trading System (EU ETS) serving as an important pillar. In this paper, I therefore re-view the evidence on the innovation impact of the EU ETS. The review shows a very limited effect of the scheme on technological innovation, but there are clear signs of it having stimulated organizational innovation, with the impact being more pronounced for the electricity sector than for industry. The initially high expectations of the EU ETS regarding technological innovation largely dissipated once the scheme's lack of stringency became apparent and prices collapsed accordingly. Also, for many of the rather incremental innovations that have taken place, the EU ETS was shown to be only one contributing factor among others, with the broader policy mix and long-term targets playing a particularly pivotal role in stimulating innovation. In contrast, there is clear evidence that the EU ETS has been a key driver of various organizational innovations, including making climate change a top management issue. However, so far, these organizational innovations have only had limited effects on shifting corporate strategies towards low-carbon solutions because of low carbon prices, the relatively high share of free allocations in industry, and more pressing business concerns. Despite this, the scheme's positive impact on organizational innovations should not be underestimated, as these constitute a necessary precondition for future technological innovations. The findings suggest that the Commission's proposal for the fourth trading period of the EU ETS points in the right direction, but further efforts will be needed to significantly in-crease the scarcity of EU allowances and the share of auctioning in order to fully unleash the scheme's transformative power. If the identified shortcomings are not ad-dressed, the EU ETS cannot play its foreseen role in guiding the decarbonization of the European economy, for which innovations in low-carbon solutions are a fundamental requirement.
  • Publication
    Moderation von Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik? Evaluationsverfahren als "reflexives" Medium
    ( 2000)
    Kuhlmann, S.
    "Angesichts konkurrierender Rationalitäten und Problemperzeptionen gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme bei gleichzeitiger Globalisierung sozio-ökonomischer Problemlagen drohen etablierte und erprobte Konsensmechanismen in nationalen oder lokalen politischen Arenen zu versagen; Akteure vertreten nicht mehr nur unterschiedliche Interessen und Ansichten, sondern betten diese außerdem in voneinander völlig abweichende Wirklichkeitsinterpretationen und entsprechende institutionelle Strukturen (frames) ein: Unter solchen Bedingungen können politische Konflikte in eine Sackgasse geraten, sie werden zu 'intractable policy controversies' (Schon/Rein 1994). Können Evaluationsverfahren als 'Moderationsmedium' zum reframing, d.h. zur reflexiven Neuorientierung institutionell präformierter Akteurperspektiven beitragen? Wenn sie dies zu leisten vermögen, dann können Evaluationsverfahren als Element politischer Modernisierung gelten. 'Politikmoderation' nenne ich in diesem Zusammenhang die zielgerichtete Vorbereitung und Beeinflussung (nicht unidirektionale Steuerung!) forschungs- und technologiepolitischer Gestaltungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse durch politisch-administrative Akteure. Ich werde theoretisch und mit bezug auf eigene empirische Studien diskutieren, welchen Stellenwert analytische Verfahren der Bewertung staatlicher Programme und sonstiger Interventionen bei der 'Politikmoderation' in administrativen und korporatistischen Verhandlungssystemen einnehmen können. Als Verfahren der Policy-Bewertung werden dabei 'Evaluationsverfahren' im Mittelpunkt stehen, wie sie in den USA seit den sechziger Jahren, in Deutschland seit den achtziger Jahren zunehmend vom politisch-administrativen System initiiert wurden. Sie entstanden im amerikanischen Kontext der Verwissenschaftlichung des Politik-Machens, die zunächst in den Feldern der Sozial-, Bildungs- und Wirtschaftspolitik Verbreitung fand und die später auch im Bereich der Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik Wurzeln faßte. Die Verwendung von Evaluationsverfahren als Moderationsmedium konnte eine 'reflexive Wende' gegenüber älteren, naiv-rationalistischen Konzepten politischer Initiativen bezeichnen. Der Beitrag wird diese Überlegungen anhand einiger Beispiele aus der Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik diskutieren."