Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    Deep decarbonization of the European power sector calls for dispatchable CSP
    ( 2022)
    Resch, Gustav
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    Schöniger, Franziska
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    Kleinschmitt, Christoph
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    Franke, Katja
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    Thonig, Richard
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    Lilliestam, Johan
    Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonized power generation and is one of the few dispatchable renewable technologies able to generate renewable electricity on demand. Today (2018) CSP contributes only 5TWh to the European power generation, but it has the potential to become one of the key pillars for European decarbonization pathways. In this paper we investigate how factors and pivotal policy decisions leading to different futures and associated CSP deployment in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step we characterize the scenarios with their associated system cost and the costs of support policies. We show that the role of CSP in Europe critically depends on political developments and the success or failure of policies outside renewable power. In particular, the uptake of CSP depends on the overall decarbonization ambition, the degree of cross border trade of renewable electricity and is enabled by the presence of strong grid interconnection between Southern and Norther European Member States as well as by future electricity demand growth. The presence of other baseload technologies, prominently nuclear power in France, reduce the role and need for CSP. Assuming favorable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modeled scenarios: contributing between 100TWh to 300TWh of electricity to a future European power system. This would require increasing the current European CSP fleet by a factor of 20 to 60 in the next 30 years. To achieve this financial support between € 0.4-2 billion per year into CSP would be needed, representing only a small share of overall support needs for power-system transformation. Cooperation of Member States could further help to reduce this cost.
  • Publication
    Strategic H&C planning success factors
    ( 2022)
    Aydemir, Ali orcid-logo
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    Fritz, Markus orcid-logo
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    Billerbeck, Anna orcid-logo
    The planning of municipalities is of great importance, as it determines today how we can live sustainably in the future. Heating and cooling (H&C) is an important issue in this context, as it accounts for about half of the total energy demand in Europe, with about 70 % still dependent on fossil fuels (for 2015). Achieving climate neutrality in 2050, therefore, requires a rapid and significant change in the H&C sector. In this respect, strategic H&C planning has proven to be an effective tool to develop measures at the local level and to drive decarbonisation of the H&C sector faster and more efficiently. This report explores success factors for strategic H&C planning, which will guide the project's advisory services. Furthermore, the findings of this paper can help stakeholders identify and overcome obstacles in advance and so develop successful H&C plans. Policymakers can use the results to develop measures for cities that underpin successful strategic H&C planning.
  • Publication
    Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewable energy
    ( 2022)
    Anatolitis, Vasilios orcid-logo
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    Schlomann, Barbara
    This policy brief provides an overview and comparison of energy efficiency (EE) and renewable energy sources (RES) auctions in Europe. We analyse common features, key differences and present several lessons learnt.
  • Publication
    How first comes energy efficiency? Assessing the energy efficiency first principle in the EU using a comprehensive indicator-based approach
    ( 2022)
    Chlechowitz, Mara
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    Reuter, Matthias
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    Eichhammer, Wolfgang orcid-logo
    The energy efficiency first (EE1) principle was defined and established as a leading principle of the European Union’s energy policy with the Clean Energy for All Europeans package in 2016. The principle requires demand resources to be considered on par with supply-side solutions and prioritized whenever they are less costly or deliver more value than alternative options. This approach should be applied in every planning process, decision-making, and investment regarding the energy sector. In order to examine to which degree the EE1 principle is actually implemented by the Member States, we developed a composite indicator, which consists of 13 criteria. These criteria capture the multiple facets of the EE1 principle and thus can also be used as a guide for the EU Member States in their operationalization of the EE1 principle. After the development of the methodology, the indicator-based approach is tested to assess the implementation of the EE1 principle in the national energy and climate plans of 14 Member States. The aim of this step is to demonstrate the feasibility of the indicator and its applicability as an assessment tool across different countries in the EU. The results imply that the fundamentals of the principle are understood and realized. Nevertheless, most countries would still fail to ensure an equal treatment between supply and demand-side resources and neglect the multiple benefits associated with energy efficiency improvements. However, those finding should be considered with caution since only limited data was used to test the operationalization of the indicator on the EE1 principle.
  • Publication
    STRATEGY CCUS. Stakeholder engagement findings: Roadmap and final recommendations
    (European Union, 2022)
    Preuß, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Dütschke, Elisabeth orcid-logo
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    Oltra, Christian
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    Goncalez, Lila
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    Prades, Ana
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    German, Silvia
    This deliverable aims to provide an overview of the most important findings on stakeholder consultation as well as to provide recommendations of participatory formats for stakeholder engagement in regional CCUS projects. Thus, we (a) present the processes and results from the regional stakeholder committee (RSC) workshops as part of the stakeholder engagement activities in STRATEGY CCUS and (b) outline recommendations for stakeholder participation beyond the lifetime of the project based on a synthesis of all stakeholder engagement results in STRATEGY CCUS regarding social acceptance. The focus of this deliverable is on social acceptance but in the RSC workshops, we focus mainly on stakeholders instead as on the public. Key stakeholder act as informants within the region of interest and thus, can play a special role in social acceptance processes.
  • Publication
    Final report on the CDM model including updated literature, estimations from the econometric model, and a discussion of the policy implications
    ( 2022)
    Schubert, Torben orcid-logo
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    Türkeli, Serdar
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    Ashouri, Sajad
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    Bäck, Asta
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    Deschryvere, Matthias
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    Jäger, Angela
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    Visentin, Fabiana
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    Hajikhani, Arash
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    Suominen, Arho
    This final report for Work Package 2 (Deliverable D4) implements the econometric estimations concerning the relationship between the specifics of the innovation process and company productivity as outlined in the interim report (D3). This final report consists of two main parts. In the first, we present the overall project work related to the development of a multistage R&D-innovation-productivity (CDM) model inspired by Crépon et al. (1998). We start with an updated review of the literature relating to the secular stagnation hypothesis, that is, the claim that the depletion of technological opportunities has heralded a phase of low or no productivity growth. Where more recent works have become available, this literature review has been updated. In order to align the literature review with the empirical evidence, we also focus more on the role of digitalization, where web-scraping based data collection has provided very useful indicators in the area of intangibles. Beyond digitalization trends, cooperation, and open innovation, knowledge spillovers and servitization are increasingly important drivers of productivity. We then describe and implement the augmented Crépon-Duguet-Mairesse (CDM)-type model, supplementing the original specification with the influence factors of digitalization, cooperation, spillovers, and servitization. The CDM model is further amended from the original outline in D3 in order to achieve alignment with the existing data. This part also contains a description of the processes underlying data generation and management, including a discussion of data quality issues and missing data, and discusses the potential and limitations of scraping data from company websites for empirical innovation economics. Concluding the first part of this report, we discuss the policy implications resulting from our analysis. In the second part of this report, we present a more detailed analysis of the role of AI use on productivity using a panel on Finnish firms for the period 2013-2019. This exercise was not originally planned as part of the work package. However, the availability of a specialized data source enabling us to infer company use of AI based on data on job offerings provided the opportunity for complementary analysis. Because this data became available as panel data, it also allowed us to control for a number of econometric issues that the web-scraped data from part 1 was unable to resolve.
  • Publication
    Productivity effects of process vs. product digitalization
    ( 2022)
    Schubert, Torben orcid-logo
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    Ashouri, Sajad
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    Deschryvere, Matthias
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    Jäger, Angela
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    Visentin, Fabiana
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    Pukelis, Lukas
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    Hajikhani, Arash
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    Suominen, Arho
    Digitalization is considered an important driver of upcoming societal and economic transformations. However, holding both promises and challenges, its effects on the performance of individual firms are still underexplored. In this paper, we disentangle the phenomenon into two distinct factors: the digitalization of processes and the digitalization of product offering. We analyse the effects of the two digitalization factors on firm-level productivity. This analysis is based on a large European-wide unique dataset combining structured information from ORBIS and PATSTAT with web-scraped information on the firms involved in high-tech manufacturing. Building on a triangular structural equation model -- including a patenting equation and a productivity equation -- we find that digitalization boosts productivity both directly and indirectly. The direct effects occur through immediate effects on productivity, while the indirect effects occur through increased patenting. However, the positive effects occur largely for product digitalization, while process digitalization on average does not significantly contribute to productivity. Interestingly quantile regression estimates show that the effects of product and process digitalization show significantly contrasting patterns across the productivity distribution. While the effects of product digitalization are largest for highly productive firms, there are mildly positive effects of product digitalization for lowproductivity firms