Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    Fortschrittsbericht zur Digitalisierung des Energiesystems
    (Fraunhofer CINES, 2024)
    Bergsträßer, Jonathan orcid-logo
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    Berkhout, Volker
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    Klaiber, Stefan
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Kohrs, Robert
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    Linnartz, Philipp
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    Naumann, Steffi
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    Nicolai, Steffen
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    Schmidt, Dietrich
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    Welisch, Marijke
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    Wende-von Berg, Sebastian
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    Wickert, Manuel
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    Wille-Haußmann, Bernhard
    Die Digitalisierung ist ein hochgradig relevanter Schlüsselprozess für die Energiesystemtransformation - Details dazu hat der Fraunhofer Exzellenzcluster CINES im Jahr 2022 erforscht und in 14 Thesen zusammengefasst. In 2023 wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit Praxispartner:innen aus der Energiewirtschaft politische und regulatorischen Änderungen in der digitalen Energiewirtschaft analysiert und ausgewertet. Der Fortschrittsbericht zeigt die Fortschritte der Digitalisierung auf und erörtert Handlungsbedarfe und Weiterentwicklungspotenziale. Wichtige Erkenntnisse sind: Positive Fortschritte gibt es u.a. durch gesetzliche und regulatorische Neuerungen wie beispielsweise beim §14a EnWG oder dem Gesetz zum Neustart der Digitalisierung der Energiewende (GNDEW). Es mangelt an einem integrativen Zielbild - ein solches kann für mehr Klarheit und Orientierung bei der Digitalisierung des Energiesystems in Deutschland und Europa sorgen. Um Lücken, Handlungsbedarfe und positiven Fortschritt besser zu erkennen, erfordert es ein gemeinsames Verständnis für die Orientierung und Ausrichtung auf die Digitalisierung. Dafür ist es unter anderem notwendig ein handlungsanleitendes Zukunftsbild zu schaffen, die kommunikative Übersetzung und die Verständlichkeit von regulatorischen Änderungen zu verbessern, Kompetenzen für technologische Lösungen, bspw. für notwendige Cyberresilienz und kritischen Infrastrukturen, aufzubauen und Investitionen zu tätigen, um mehr finanzielle Mittel für die Digitalisierung der Energiesystemtransformation zur Verfügung zu haben.
  • Publication
    Re-imagining energy services: Empirical analysis of demand-side as-a-service business models and use cases in energy sector
    ( 2024)
    Singh, Mahendra
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    Kesselring, Anne orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    Purpose: Study on emerging and market-proven services (as-a-Service) business models for delivering digital services in the energy and building sector. Design/Methodology/Approach: Online survey and semi-structured interviews combined with desk research. Findings:The most important benefit from XaaS according to the empirical results is transparency and better engagement with end customers. Additionally, the interviews indicate that returns to investment do not materialize faster, but rather the quality of these returns increases with XaaS. The shifting of the initial investment risk from the customer to the company is noted as a downside of XaaS. The two top challenges are (a) technical and informational interoperability of services and (b) availability and access of data to design a new XaaS service offering. Regulatory risk is the top-ranked risk category, followed by market and financial risk. This risk perception includes also barriers from bureaucracy, red tape and lack of standardization. Originality/Value: Empirical evidence on practitioners’ views of XaaS, the status quo of implementation regarding energy-related service offerings and an outlook on XaaS development.
  • Publication
    Assessing the conditions for economic viability of dynamic electricity retail tariffs for households
    ( 2024)
    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Pelka, Sabine orcid-logo
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    Kühnbach, Matthias orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    The success of the energy transition relies on effectively utilizing flexibility in the power system. Dynamic tariffs are a highly discussed and promising innovation for incentivizing the use of residential flexibility. However, their full potential can only be realized if households achieve significant benefits. This paper specifically addresses this topic. We examine the leverage of household flexibility and the financial benefits of using dynamic tariffs, considering household heterogeneity, the costs of home energy management systems and smart meters, the impact of higher electricity prices and price spreads and the differences between types of prosumers. To comprehensively address this topic, we use the EVaTar-building model, a simulation framework that includes embedded optimization designed to simulate household electricity consumption patterns under the influence of a home energy management system or in response to dynamic tariffs. The study's main finding is that households can achieve significant cost savings and increase flexibility utilization by using a home energy management system and dynamic electricity tariffs, provided that electricity prices and price spreads reach higher levels. When comparing price levels in a low and high electricity price scenario, with an increase of the average electricity price by 15.2 €ct/kWh (67% higher than the average for the year 2019) and an increase of the price spread by 8.9 €ct/kWh (494% higher), the percentage of households achieving cost savings increases from 3.9% to 62.5%. Households with both an electric vehicle and a heat pump observed the highest cost benefits. Sufficiently high price incentives or sufficiently low costs for home energy management systems and metering point operation are required to enable households to mitigate rising electricity costs and ensure residential flexibility for the energy system through electric vehicles and heat pumps.
  • Publication
    How do dynamic electricity tariffs and different grid charge designs interact? - Implications for residential consumers and grid reinforcement requirements
    ( 2024)
    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    Dynamic electricity retail tariffs and different grid charge designs are discussed as key measures to support renewable energy integration. This article investigates the interplay between both, examining their impact on residential consumers regarding their economic savings and choice of retail tariff and on grid reinforcement requirements in low-voltage grids. We use a model-based approach for determining grid reinforcement requirements combined with an optimization model to assess residential consumer behavior towards different combinations of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs. We explore how these options influence the choice of households in Germany to invest in a home energy management system and to opt for a dynamic electricity retail tariff. Our findings show that with a grid charge design with capacity subscription, the share of households utilizing their flexibility and opting for a dynamic electricity retail tariff can be increased up to 74% (vs. 67% for a volumetric grid charge design). Furthermore, grid reinforcement costs can be reduced with a capacity subscription based grid charge design by 37% in rural low-voltage grids compared to the current grid charge design in Germany. This study offers novel perspectives on the interplay of dynamic electricity retail tariffs and grid charge designs, emphasizing the need for integrated policy approaches that allow residential consumers to benefit from reduced electricity costs while limiting grid reinforcement costs for distribution system operators.
  • Publication
    Effects of heat pump scheduling on low-voltage grids using a receding horizon control strategy
    ( 2023)
    Haendel, Michael
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    Hug, Gabriela
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
    Heat pumps (HPs) are a promising option for decarbonizing the residential heating sector. Their use leads to an increased demand for electricity, which can burden the grid in uncontrolled operation, while controlled HPs can provide additional flexibility to the system. In this paper, the integration of HPs through a receding horizon approach into a power market model is presented to study the behavior of HPs considering electricity market prices and network constraints of a low-voltage grid. In a case study with centralized and self-consumption optimized control strategies, the effects of HPs are analyzed. Furthermore, the authors investigate how the aggregation of several households into energy communities affects the system. The results show that for the considered grid, the additional power demand of HPs is usually uncritical and a strictly cost-minimizing operation is often possible from a grid perspective. Typically, critical grid situations occur only at times of high PV feed-in with low HP flexibility. The formation of energy communities compared to individual households differs primarily in the allocation of cost savings to individual consumers. The difference in the impact of the two control strategies on the grid is negligible in this case.
  • Publication
    Multi-supplier models and decentralized energy systems
    (Publications Office of the European Union, 2023)
    Veen, Aliene van der
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    Winters, Eva
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    Fumagalli, Elena
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Breitschopf, Barbara orcid-logo
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    Seigeot, Virginie
    Energy sharing is the activity of administratively attributing renewable energy to consumers, where the renewable energy asset is controlled by those consumers in a shared role as a non-professional or non-profit producer. The main objective of energy sharing is to give all consumers access to renewable energy assets, i.e. the opportunity to participate in renewable energy projects and to benefit from the control of these assets. Energy sharing has already been implemented in various Member States.
  • Publication
    Common European Energy Data Space
    (Publications Office of the European Union, 2023)
    Berkhout, Volker
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    Villeviere, Clément
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    Bergsträßer, Jonathan orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Regeczi, David
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    Dognini, Alberto
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    Singh, Mahendra
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    Stornebrink, Michiel
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    Hülsewig, Timm orcid-logo
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    Seigeot, Virginie
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    Lenzmann, Frank
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    Breitschopf, Barbara orcid-logo
    The energy transition towards renewables requires additional flexibility options in the electricity system, to coordinate resource-dependent generation and demand. The management and control of this flexibility needs an advanced digital ecosystem for the communication between organisations and devices. The Common European Energy Data Space will facilitate the participation by flexible energy resources as set forth by the EU action plan on digitalising the energy system. This report, researched and written by the Energy Transition Expertise Centre (EnTEC) under the auspices of the European Union, develops a plan for the realisation of this Common European Energy Data Space
  • Publication
    Study on Energy Storage
    (Publications Office of the European Union, 2023)
    Hoogland, Onne
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    Fluri, Verena
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    Kost, Christoph
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Kühnbach, Matthias orcid-logo
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    Khanra, Manish orcid-logo
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    Antretter, Michelle
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    Koornneef, Joris
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    Weijde, Harry van der
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    Satish, Aravind
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    Battistutta, Elisa
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    Veum, Karina
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    Gorenstein Dedecca, João
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    Doorman, Anniek
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    Nuffel, Luc van
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    Cerny, Ondrej
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    Breitschopf, Barbara orcid-logo
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    Herbst, Andrea
    Flexibility of energy supply and demand becomes increasingly important with increasing shares of intermittent renewable electricity generation. Energy storage is one of the candidates to provide the required flexibility to the electricity system. Against this background, the Energy Transition Ex-pertise Centre was asked to deliver a study on energy storage to improve the understanding of energy storage technologies, their business case, and best practices for enabling the development of energy storage capacities.
  • Publication
    Keeping track of cleantech development using innovation clusters and member's website data: Evidence from leading energy clusters in Germany
    ( 2023)
    Singh, Mahendra
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    Darold, Denilton Luiz orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Zielinski, Andrea orcid-logo
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    Frietsch, Rainer
    The main research question addressed in this work is how energy clusters can be evaluated and what general conclusions can be drawn out of their activities. Traditional innovation cluster analysis approaches chiefly rely on surveys, interviews, open publications, and patents-lack of using updated activities of innovation clusters. Therefore, preceding cluster analysis methodologies always lack of providing up-to-date information. In this sense, analyzing energy cluster activities is an obvious interest for policymakers, investors, companies, etc. Moreover, such assessment help to track the development of new technologies, participation of different actors in an innovation ecosystem, and emerging topics in the energy sector. This work presents the research outcomes on the leading energyinnovation clusters in Germany. To this end, this paper exploits the publicly available website data from the clusters and member’s web-pages to investigate their geographical distribution, key focus areas, cluster, and member activities. In the course of the project, a web-scraping tool has been developed to crawl the clusters and member’s websites and scrape their text data. The tool performs systematic and guided web-scraping for searching a keyword presence on a particular web-page. In addition to this, data from commercially available company databases are used to complement the missing information from the website data. A total of 44 energy clusters along with 4524 members are taken into account in this study. The proposed methodology has shown that unstructured web-data is a valuable source for analyzing the clusters and their member’s innovation activities. Results have also indicated that there is a strong correlation (r = 0.85) between Research and Development (R&D) expenditure and cluster count in individual federal states. The overall results have indicated that the majority of energy clusters are very specialized in certain topics, nevertheless, topics such as hydrogen, carbon, and bioenergy are getting notable attention from various stakeholders. Simultaneously, various cross-sectoral topics are also emerging due to the coupling between different sectors. Findings could help policymakers and federal innovation agencies to understand the ongoing progress in cleantech innovation activities. From the methodological point of the view, it provides an underlying ground to access the impact of cluster policies.
  • Publication
    The impact of innovation cluster policies on Energy-transition: Learning from leading energy clusters in Germany
    ( 2023)
    Singh, Mahendra
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    Darold, Denilton Luiz orcid-logo
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    Klobasa, Marian orcid-logo
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    Frietsch, Rainer
    Innovation clusters are often known as innovation ecosystems and have a significant impact on the German economy and regional development. Different federal states already have placed various cluster policies to support the cluster initiative. These policies are designed to congregate diverse actors (e.g., SMEs, large companies, research institutes, and regional institutions) with similar interests in particular demographic proximity [1]. Moreover, clusters with excellence in energy topics also lead territorial energy-transition and support multiple actors to develop rapid and scalable innovations. Seen in this light it became a natural interest for policymakers, investors, and firms to analyze the ongoing activities of leading energy clusters. Such analysis could give a broader overview of current trends and the mutual interest of a diverse set of stakeholders. In this context, the present work considers analyzing energy clusters with different perspectives such as geographical scope, members companies, and focus topics. A total of 44 energy clusters along with 4524 members are taken into account in this study.