Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Bildung und Innovation

2007 , Frietsch, R. , Grupp, H.

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Diffusion neuer Technologie schlägt neue Pfade ein

2006 , Grupp, H.

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The national german innovation system - its development in different governmental and territorial structures

2005 , Grupp, H. , Dominguez-Lacasa, I. , Friedrich-Nishio, M.

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Zur Entwicklung des deutschen Innovationssystems und seiner gegenwärtigen Wettbewerbsposition

2004 , Grupp, H.

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Was wir über Innovationen wissen: Konturen einer Wissenswirtschaft

2006 , Grupp, H.

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Zur Entwicklung des deutschen Innovationssystems und seiner gegenwärtigen Wettbewerbsposition: Persistenz oder Paradigmenwechsel?

2006 , Grupp, H.

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Bedeutung von Innovationen für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit

2005 , Breitschopf, B. , Haller, I. , Grupp, H.

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Innovationskultur in Deutschland

2006 , Grupp, H. , Breitschopf, B.

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Wirtschaftswissenschaften

2006 , Grupp, H.

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Innovation and growth in Germany over the past 150 years

2005 , Grupp, H. , Dominguez-Lacasa, I. , Friedrich-Nishio, M. , Jungmittag, A.

This contribution starts from today's definitions of innovation indicators and traces their evolution back over the past 150 years. It is divided into a descriptive and an econometric part. The German innovation system has generally been very stable, even though it witnessed several political changes over the past century. This allows a comparison of the period 1850-1913 with 1951-1999. In the first period, the overall empirical results indicate a linear innovation relation beween student numbers as well as public science expenditure, the number of patents granted, and economic demand. However, the second period suggests a different logic in the innovation process; demand drives total R&D expenditure, while patent output does not follow demand. The real domestic product does not seem to depend strongly on innovation activities.

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