Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Improving cold chain energy efficiency: EU H2020 project for facilitating energy efficiency improvements in SMEs of the food and beverage cold chains

2020 , Zanoni, Simone , Marchi, Beatrice , Puente, Francisco , Neusel, Lisa , Hirzel, Simon , Krause, Hanna , Saygin, Deger , Oikonomou, Vlasis

Industry has a substantial potential to improve its energy efficiency. The food and beverage sector and its cold supply chain are responsible for more than 10% of the total final energy consumption of the EU-28. Accurate refrigeration is required for optimal preservation of perishable goods and can be up to 85% of the food and beverage sector's total final energy consumption. High demand for refrigeration has adverse environmental effects such as direct emissions from refrigerant leakage and indirect emissions related to electricity or fossil fuels consumption. The Horizon 2020 project ICCEE (Improving Cold Chain Energy Efficiency) aims to support and advice small and medium enterprises (SME) from the food and beverage sector's cold chains to implement energy efficiency measures (EEMs) by an energy mapping of the cold supply chain including its transport and storage activities. Shifting from the myopic single company perspective to the chain assessment leads to increased energy savings potentials and reduced implementation gaps of EEMs.

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Exergy flow diagrams as novel approach to discuss the efficiency of compressed air systems

2012 , Krichel, Susanne , Sawodny, Oliver , Hülsmann, Steffen , Hirzel, Simon , Elsland, Rainer

Compressed air systems are among the major consumers of electrical energy in industry. As the importance of energy-efficiency grows in general, so does the need for valid and reliable metrics for discussing efficiency. Today, energy flow diagrams are a common tool to illustrate energy efficiency in compressed air systems. They are however subject to various shortcomings which are mainly related to their lack of transparency and reproducibility. Therefore, a novel approach for the assessment of efficiency is presented which is based on the exergy concept. This approach allows for a transparent calculation of flow diagrams for compressed air systems, including the possibility to illustrate the effects of a heat recovery system. The concept is illustrated at the example of an industrial set-up starting at the compressor inlet and ending at the application. The resulting diagram allows a more transparent and objective view on efficiency evaluations and thus contributes to a better understanding of energy-efficiency in compressed air systems and related applications.

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Elevators and escalators: Energy performance and strategies to promote energy efficiency

2010 , Almeida, A. de , Duetschke, E. , Patrao, C. , Hirzel, S. , Fong, J.

Elevators and escalators are the crucial element to make it practical and comfortable to live, work and shop several floors above and below ground. In tertiary sector of the EU-27, about 1.6 million elevators are installed as well as about 56,000 escalators and moving walks. Their energy consumption adds up to 3 to 8 % of the overall electricity consumption of the building. However, elevators and escalators have not received much attention in terms of energy efficiency for a long time. In this paper, we characterize the energy consumption profiles these vertical transportation devices in standby and running based on a monitoring campaign conducted within the E4-project. An estimation of the overall energy consumed by elevators and escalators is presented. Building on this, potentials for saving energy are identified - both from a technical point of view as well as from a behavioral approach. The technical analyses show that the savings potential is up to 66 %. The behavioral approach includes an interview study and identifies market barriers to the penetration of energy efficient technology and proposes strategies to overcome those barriers.

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