Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    Challenges and appropriate policy portfolios for (almost) mature renewable electricity technologies
    ( 2017)
    Held, Anne
    ;
    Boßmann, Tobias
    ;
    Ragwitz, Mario
    ;
    Río, Pablo Del
    ;
    Janeiro, Luis
    ;
    Förster, Sonja
    This paper assesses challenges arising for renewable energy technologies that have achieved a certain maturity level in terms of technology development, costs and market penetration. We identify these challenges, which diverge from challenges for less mature technologies and, based on three case studies, we analyse how some of the challenges have materialised and have been dealt with in practice. Case studies include experiences with the occurrence of negative prices in Germany, the question of how to deal with a market situation characterised by overcapacity in Spain and the problem of social opposition towards the construction of renewable power plants in the UK. Finally, we suggest solutions to deal with these issues in order to ensure the 2030 target is achieved, taking into account the changing framework conditions.
  • Publication
    Status and perspectives of renewable energy policy and deployment in the European Union - What is needed to reach the 2020 targets?
    ( 2011)
    Klessmann, Corinna
    ;
    Held, Anne
    ;
    Rathmann, Max
    ;
    Ragwitz, Mario
    This article evaluates the status of current RES deployment, policies and barriers in the EU-27 member states and compares it to the required to meet the 2020 targets. The evaluation relies strongly on the quantitative deployment status and policy effectiveness indicators. European RES deployment and policy has progressed strongly in recent years, but the growth here has been mainly driven by effective policies in a small or medium number of top runner countries. Across Europe, the highest average policy effectiveness over six years was reached for onshore wind (4.2%), biofuels (3.6%) and biomass electricity (2.7%), while in the heat sector, all technologies score below 2%. Comparing the recent progress to the required growth for meeting the 2020 target, it appears that some countries largely exceed the interim targets of the RES Directive 2009/28/EC. Despite this, Europe will need additional policy effort to reach the 2020 target. Critical success factors include imple menting effective and efficient policies that attract sufficient investments, reducing administrative and grid related barriers, especially in currently less advanced countries, upgrading the power grid infrastructure, dismantling financial barriers in the heat sector, realising sustainability standards for biomass, and lowering energy demand through increased energy efficiency efforts.