Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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  • Publication
    Development, motives and employment effects of manufacturing offshoring of German SMEs
    ( 2007)
    Kinkel, S.
    ;
    Lay, G.
    ;
    Maloca, S.
    This paper examines the extent, the target regions, the motives and the employment effects of manufacturing offshoring on the basis of a survey of 1450 companies in the German manufacturing industry. The findings show that German SMEs particulary favour the 'physically and mentally close' new EU member states over more distant Asian countries. Simultaneously, they do not put the same emphasis on market and customer orientation as larger companies do. This has to be critically reviewed, as cost-driven manufacturing offshoring has a more negative impact on the employment situation at the home base than market-driven activities. The analysis also points out that manufacturing offshoring cannot be described as a one-way road. Backsourcing activities obtain a significant share and are mirroring the trend in offshoring with a time lag of two years. The paper closes with suggestions on how these findings should be regarded in future research.
  • Publication
    Globale Produktionsstrategien in der Automobilzulieferindustrie
    (Springer, 2007)
    Kinkel, S.
    ;
    Zanker, C.
    ;
    Lay, G.
    ;
    Maloca, S.
    ;
    Seydel, P.
    Standortentscheidungen sind unternehmerische Grundsatzentscheidungen von höchster strategischer Bedeutung. Vielfach werden sie jedoch nicht umfassend genug getroffen, sondern beruhen auf wenigen, vorrangig monetären Aspekten. Automobilzulieferer agieren bei Auslandsproduktionsstrategien besonders dynamisch. Für diese Branche analysieren die Autoren hier die wesentlichen Zukunftstrends, Erfolgsmuster und Entscheidungsfaktoren für internationale Standortstrategien. Darauf aufbauend konzipieren sie neue Ansätze zur strategisch fundierten und zukunftsorientierten Standortbewertung, die auf in der Praxis bewährten Entscheidungsmethoden aufsetzen. Praktiker erhalten ein facettenreiches, über verschiedene Bewertungsmethoden und Zukunftsbilder abgesichertes Gesamtbild je nach Standortalternative. Ein Buch für Unternehmer, Manager, Berater und alle, die sich mit Standortentscheidungen oder mit internationaler Standortplanung befassen.
  • Publication
    Techno-organisational innovation in the european manufacturing industry
    (Fraunhofer ISI, 2005)
    Armbruster, H.
    ;
    Kinkel, S.
    ;
    Lay, G.
    ;
    Maloca, S.
    Competitive advantages of European companies are not only generated by R&D based product innovations but also by technical and non-technical process innovations aiming to modernise manufacturing processes. The European Manufacturing Survey (EMS) provides diffusion rates of technical and non-technical innovations across nine European countries. Results reveal that the use of new technologies such as robots, enterprise resource planning and teleservice are most widely spread in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Contrary to technical innovations, non-technical innovations such as team work, continuous improvement processes and regular appraisal interviews do not show a clear overall pattern across European countries. The use of these non-technical innovations in the surveyed countries varies across the organisational concepts. Reasons for differences in the diffusion rates of technical and non-technical innovations across European countries lay in the field of domestic and labour market conditions and cultural differences between the surveyed European countries.