Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 33
  • Publication
    Durchführbarkeitsuntersuchung zu Pilotlade- und Tankinfrastruktur für Langstrecken Lkw (VorPiLaTes)
    (LUBW, 2022)
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
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    Mauch, Lars Andreas
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    Voglstätter, Christopher
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    Aschbrenner, Stefan
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    Plötz, Patrick orcid-logo
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    Holderried, Walter
    Ziel des Projektes ist eine Durchführbarkeitsuntersuchung für die Realisierung einer Pilotlade- und Wasserstofftankstelle in Baden-Württemberg. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeiten lag auf der Identifikation eines geeigneten Standorts für die spätere Umsetzung der Infrastruktur sowie den unterstützenden Tätigkeiten für die Errichtung einer geplanten Lade- und Tankinfrastruktur. Die Infrastrukturen für Lade- und Tankvorgänge sollen dabei am selben Standort errichtet werden. Es wurde dafür zunächst eine erste Liste mit Anforderungskriterien für die Bewertung möglicher Standorte erstellt. Die Liste umfasst 15 Kriterien der Kategorien „Gebiet“, „Energie“, „Platz“ und „Rahmenbedingungen“. Die Kriterien wurden auch bei der Suche nach Standorten genutzt. Instrumente der Standortsuche von Seiten der Fraunhofer-Institute waren die Ansprache von vorhandenen Kontakten, die Ansprache von Multiplikatoren, wie beispielsweise den Wirtschaftsförderungen. Darüber hinaus wurde mit Kartenmaterial eine digitale Analyse von Standorten durchgeführt und die entsprechenden Flächenbesitzer identifiziert und kontaktiert. Darüber hinaus wurde in einer Pressemitteilung auf das Projekt und die laufende Standortsuche aufmerksam gemacht. Insgesamt zeigte sich als aussichtsreichster Standortkandidat damit nach aktuellem Stand des Projektes der Standort bei Ettenheim-West. Für diesen Standort wurde eine erste Standortplanung durchgeführt.
  • Publication
    Disruptive demand side technologies: Market shares and impact on flexibility in a decentralized world
    ( 2021)
    Heitel, Stephanie
    ;
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
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    Herbst, Andrea
    ;
    Fermi, Francesca
    Electricity demand is expected to increase strongly as electrification and the use of hydrogen are promising decarbonization options for the demand side sectors transport and industry. In a decentralized system with volatile renewable energy sources, flexibility potentials will play an important role for secure and cost-efficient electricity supply. On the demand side, decentralized PV-battery systems and electric vehicles as well as hydrogen production by electrolyzers could provide the necessary flexibility. Energy demand over time is calculated based on assumed and simulated market shares of these and other low-emission technologies. Impacts on the system and residual load are analyzed, with a focus on the contribution of load shifting as a demand-side measure. Results indicate that load shifting can contribute significantly to integrate RES electricity.
  • Publication
    Impacts of avalanche effects of price-optimized electric vehicle charging - Does demand response make it worse?
    ( 2021)
    Kühnbach, Matthias
    ;
    Stute, Judith orcid-logo
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    Klingler, Anna-Lena
    Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to provide substantial potential for demand response (DR) and, thus, the integration of renewable electricity sources in the future energy system. However, DR can also have noticeable negative consequences, so-called avalanche effects. We systematically assess under which circumstances avalanche effects occur and what impact they have on the electricity system and cost savings for EV owners. Our results show that DR can provoke unwanted avalanche effects, which are particularly strong beyond 2030, when the leverage of EV charging will have increased to a significant level. It is possible to avoid avalanche effects by using a dynamically updated DR signal. If this is used, our findings confirm that shifting charging load from peaks to hours of low or negative residual load reduces the peak and variance of residual load and facilitates the integration of renewables.
  • Publication
    Future energy demand developments and demand side flexibility in a decarbonized centralized energy system
    ( 2021)
    Herbst, Andrea
    ;
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
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    Heitel, Stephanie
    ;
    Manz, Pia orcid-logo
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    Fleiter, Tobias
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    Rehfeldt, Matthias orcid-logo
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    Fermi, Francesca
    ;
    Fiorello, Davide
    ;
    Martino, Angelo
    ;
    Reiter, Ulrich
    European final energy consumption mainly stems from five sectors: transport, households, industry, residential, and agriculture using fossil fuels as dominant energy carriers. In order to achieve the climate targets, emissions in the demand sectors must be drastically reduced. Due to different characteristics and challenges each sector needs its own strategy how to achieve such decarbonization until 2050. In the following chapter, the impacts of an ambitious mitigation scenario on future energy demand and CO2 emissions for transport, industry, residential, and tertiary are analyzed discussing sector specific decarbonization strategies and mitigation options. Implications of such strategies for demand-side flexibility and its future need are analyzed.
  • Publication
    The flexibility deployment of the service sector - a demand response modelling approach coupled with evidence from a market research survey
    ( 2020)
    Wohlfarth, Katharina
    ;
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
    ;
    Eichhammer, Wolfgang orcid-logo
    The flexible use of energy is seen as a key option to facilitate the integration of volatile renewable energy sources (RES) into the electricity sector. In this study, we focus on flexibility in the service sector, in terms of flexible technologies, experiences and willingness to participate in demand response (DR) actions. We analyse the technically possible future deployment of flexibility, the practically possible deployment of flexibility and also take the reduction of RES surplus electricity into account. Our results are based on survey data from over 1.500 service sector companies (offices, trade, hospitality) and modelling results with a time resolved DR model (eLOAD). The data show that service sector companies have few experiences in DR so far, which is among others caused by the unfavourable regulatory conditions to participate in flexibility markets. The currently most common forms of DR are load shedding and flexible tariffs and optimized purchase of electricity. Participation in DR varies between subsectors and company sizes, but on average all subsectors are interested in extending (automated) DR measures in the future. Our projections result in a possible technical deployment of flexible electricity of 7.74 TWh of which about 510 GWh can be used to reduce renewable surplus electricity (in case of a 50% RES share). In case of a 80% RES share, this can reach 1.63 TWh. Integrating the willingness of companies to participate in DR, the practical possible deployment results in 131 GWh reduction of renewable surplus electricity. This can be interpreted as a first-mover potential for DR. Future increased need for flexible demand could raise the profit for the companies and their willingness in participating in DR. Further analyses on most promising target groups of companies would help to tap the potentials and to create market offers as well as policies to incentivise participation.
  • Publication
    Wasserstoff-Roadmap Baden-Württemberg
    (Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima und Energiewirtschaft Baden-Württemberg, 2020)
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
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    Schnabel, Frieder
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    Groos, Ulf
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    Hebling, Christopher
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    Schaadt, Achim
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    Smolinka, Tom
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    Döscher, Henning orcid-logo
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    Kimpeler, Simone orcid-logo
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    Wietschel, Martin
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    Dönitz, Ewa
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    Neuwirth, Marius orcid-logo
    Mit einer Wasserstoff-Roadmap soll die Weiterentwicklung der Wasserstoffwirtschaft in Baden-Württemberg vorangetrieben werden. Das Land zeichnet sich dabei durch die herausragende Unternehmens- und Forschungslandschaft im Bereich der Wasserstoff- und Brennstofftechnologie und die damit verbundenen vielfältigen Potenziale aus.
  • Publication
    Self-consumption of solar electricity - Modelling profitability and market diffusion of photovoltaics and battery systems in the residental sector
    (Fraunhofer Verlag, 2019)
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
    The transformation of the energy system includes increasingly active market participation by formerly passive consumers via the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems for decentralized production and on-site consumption of electricity, so-called self-consumption. For a holistic understanding of the market diffusion of PV + battery systems for self-consumption a technology diffusion model is developed that considers economic, behavioural and technological market drivers. Technical restrictions of PV production and flexible electricity consumption as well as sociological data on consumer behaviour and preferences are included. Using 415 real-world household electricity consumption profiles, as well as electric vehicle charging and heat pump operation profiles to determine the system configuration that will optimize individual profitability, the developed method allows to attain a profound knowledge on the preconditions for market formation and development, and to assess the potential of PV self-consumption.
  • Publication
    Market diffusion of residential PV + battery systems driven by self-consumption: A comparison of Sweden and Germany
    (Fraunhofer ISI, 2018)
    Klingler, Anna-Lena
    ;
    Luthander, Rasmus
    With increasing number of installations of photovoltaic (PV) systems and lower equipment costs, the subsidies dedicated to residential PV systems are reduced in many countries. Instead of the subsidies for selling PV electricity, prospectively self-consumption is the key parameter for the profitability of PV systems. In this paper, we study the market diffusion of residential PV systems for detached houses in Germany and Sweden. For this, we develop a hybrid model of the adoption of PV installations driven by self-consumption. We model the profitability and investment decisions for PV systems in a first step and account for inhibiting factors by introducing an adoption rate. The adoption rate is based on empirical data from the market diffusion of heat pumps in Sweden. We also study the market diffusion of battery systems aimed to increase self-consumption. A base case with several sensitivities on long-term trends of different parameters is analysed to examine the variation of the market diffusion until 2040. The results show a large difference in the market share of PV systems in Germany and Sweden in 2040. A base case scenario results in a market share for PV systems of 65% of the German detached houses in 2040, compared to 12% in Sweden. The results show that the market share in Sweden is most sensitive to electricity price changes, whereas the German market is most sensitive to changes in the adoption rate. Since the high electricity price in Germany makes PV profitable for most of the households at an early stage, it is mainly the adoption rate that limits the market diffusion in Germany. For Sweden, where the electricity price is less than half of the German price, the profitability is the main limiting factor. This is reflected in the hybrid adoption model, where the market diffusion is dependent on both the profitability and the adoption rate. The market share for battery systems is 5% in Germany and 0% in Sweden in 2040 in the base case scenario. The results show the influences of several parameters on the market diffusion based on the different initial market conditions, which can be extended to other national markets.