Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Determining the Optimal Time to Launch an Emerging Innovation in a Market
    ( 2020)
    Häckel, Björn
    ;
    Stirnweiß, Dominic
    Investments in emerging technologies and the development of related emerging innovations are necessary to compete in the long term. The market entry timing plays an important role in generating decisive competitive advantages over competitors through investments in emerging innovations. Different market entry strategies offer varied opportunities and risks, which firms must take into account when choosing the optimal time to enter the market. This study develops an optimisation model to make an economically appropriate ex-ante decision in this choice by accounting for several relevant factors and weighing up possible opportunities and risks of the chosen market entry strategy. The evaluation of the simulation results shows that the considered factors influence the optimal market entry to varying ex-tents, and that both early and late market entry can be advantageous for companies.
  • Publication
    Estimating the Impact of IT Security Incidents in Digitized Production Environments
    ( 2019)
    Bürger, Olga
    ;
    Häckel, Björn
    ;
    Karnebogen, Philip
    ;
    Töppel, Jannick
    Owing to digitalization, manufacturing companies increasingly integrate IT services - such as control systems - into their production environments. This increases the flexibility of production and allows them to offer new services to customers, for example, data - based services (e.g., predictive maintenance). However, stepping up production - IT system connections also leads to an increased reliance on the availability of IT services as a means to value creation, both in internal production processes and at the customer interface. More interconnectivity also increases network complexity, and thus favors the rapid spread of cyber - attacks within the information network. The potential for damage is massive, as disruptions to IT services can reduce the availability of connected IT services and production components. Despite existing studies on IT security, little has been written on ways to estimate the impact that availability incidents have on digitized production environments based on the IIoT - for example, smart factories. To help close this research gap, we provide an approach that enables users to simulate cyber - attacks and measure the impact of such attacks on value creation in digitized production environments. We compare the features of our model with our specific design objectives and competing artifacts, present our prototype and the results of a sensitivity analysis for selected model parameters, and illustrate the applicability of our model using the real - life case of a German manufacturing company. Our results indicate that the degree of interconnect ion in digitized production environments is the most important influencing factor when estimating the impact of an IT availability incident on value creation.
  • Publication
    Toward an optimal degree of openness in IT innovation projects
    ( 2019)
    Bürger, Olga
    ;
    Moser, Florian
    In spite of substantial interest in open innovation (OI), both research and practice lack methods that support companies in managing their IT innovation projects (ITIPs) relative to OI. We contribute to the closure of this gap by providing an approach for an ex ante financial evaluation of OI application, which involves developing a theoretical model that determines the optimal degree of openness in ITIPs. Based on our model, we examine relevant causal relationships by analyzing the influence of a companys ability to manage OI and the probability of success in OI application on the theoretical optimum. We find that the optimal openness level is linked with the companys ability to manage OI, which can incorporate organizational, cultural, and technological maturity. To increase the value contribution of OI, companies should focus on a steady improvement in managing OI. The results provide both an indicator for practical decision-making and a starting point for future research.
  • Publication
    Mindfully going omni-channel: An economic decision model for evaluating omni-channel strategies
    ( 2018)
    Hosseini, Sabiölla
    ;
    Merz, Marieluise
    ;
    Röglinger, Maximilian
    ;
    Wenninger, Annette
    In the digital age, customers want to define on their own how to interact with organizations during their customer journeys. Thus, many organizations struggle to implement an omni-channel strategy (OCS) that meets their customers' channel preferences and can be operated efficiently. Despite this high practical need, research on omni-channel management predominantly takes a descriptive perspective. What is missing is prescriptive knowledge that guides organizations in the valuation and selection of an appropriate OCS. Most existing studies investigate single facets of omni-channel management in detail while neglecting the big picture. They also require customer journeys to follow sequential and organization-defined purchase decision processes. To address this research gap, we propose an economic decision model that considers online and offline channels, the opening and closing of channels, non-sequential customer journeys, and customers' channel preferences. Drawing from the principles of value-based management, the decision model recommends choosing the OCS with the highest contribution to an organization's long-term firm value. We applied and validated the decision model based on real-world data from a German bank.
  • Publication
    Logistik: Transparenz, Sicherheit und Effizienz
    ( 2018)
    Gimpel, Henner
    ;
    Übelhör, Jochen
    Zur verbesserten Patientenversorgung in Krankenhäusern erforscht und entwickelt das Projekt Hospital 4.0 innovative Lösungen für Logistikprozesse. Hierzu werden während der Projektlaufzeit mit der Lager- und der Bettenlogistik zwei Referenzprozesse der beteiligten Kliniken Augsburg und Bayreuth analysiert, digitale Technologien pilothaft implementiert und spezielle Schulungskonzepte für das Krankenhauspersonal entwickelt.
  • Publication
    Blockchain und Smart Contracts
    (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, 2017)
    Schütte, Julian
    ;
    Fridgen, Gilbert
    ;
    Prinz, Wolfgang
    ;
    Rose, Thomas
    ;
    Urbach, Nils
    ;
    Hoeren, Thomas
    ;
    Guggenberger, Nikolas
    ;
    Welzel, Christian
    ;
    Holly, Steffen
    ;
    Schulte, Axel
    ;
    Sprenger, Philipp
    ;
    Schwede, Christian
    ;
    Weimert, Birgit
    ;
    Otto, Boris
    ;
    Dalheimer, Mathias
    ;
    Wenzel, Markus
    ;
    Kreutzer, Michael
    ;
    Fritz, Michael
    ;
    Leiner, Ulrich
    ;
    Nouak, Alexander
    ;
    Prinz, Wolfgang
    ;
    Schulte, Axel T.
    Dieses Positionspapier analysiert die Blockchain-Technologie aus wissenschaftlicher und anwendungsorientierter Sicht der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Es untersucht relevante Technikaspekte und damit verbundene Forschungsfragen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Technik in allen Bereichen noch grundlegende Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Herausforderungen aufweist. Diese liegen beispielsweise in der Modularisierung einzelner Blockchain-Konzepte sowie deren Kombination und Integration für anwendungsspezifische Blockchain-Lösungen.
  • Publication
    Data-driven process prioritization in process networks
    ( 2017)
    Kratsch, Wolfgang
    ;
    Manderscheid, Jonas
    ;
    Reißner, Daniel
    ;
    Röglinger, Maximilian
    Business process management (BPM) is an essential paradigm of organizational design and a source of corporate performance. Receiving constant attention from corporate decision-makers, process improvement is the most value-creating activity in the BPM lifecycle. With ineffective process prioritization capabilities being a key failure factor of process improvement, we propose the Data-Driven Process Prioritization (D2P2) approach. The D2P2 extends existing approaches to process prioritization as it accounts for structural and stochastic process dependencies and predicts risky future process performance based on data from process logs. The D2P2 returns a priority list that indicates in which periods the processes from a given business process architecture should undergo an in-depth analysis to check whether they require improvement. Thus, the D2P2 contributes to the prescriptive knowledge on process prioritization. To evaluate the D2P2, we discussed its design specification against theory-backed design objectives and competing artefacts. We also implemented the D2P2 as a software prototype and report on an extensive demonstration example including a scenario analysis.
  • Publication
    Modernisierung von ERP-Systemen. Chance für digitale Geschäftsprozesse im Mittelstand
    ( 2017)
    Röglinger, Maximilian
    ;
    Urbach, Nils
    ;
    Heinz, Carletta
    ;
    Borowski, Dagmara
    ;
    Sachs, Thomas
    ;
    Trick, Rebecca
    ;
    Püschel, Louis
    Die Digitalisierung beeinflusst bestehende Geschäftsmodelle, verändert die Ansprüche der Kunden und zwingt Unternehmen dazu, ihre Organisation und Prozesse anzupassen, um dauerhaft wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben. In diesem Kontext führte die Projektgruppe Wirtschaftsinformatik des Fraunhofer FIT mit dem Glasflakon-Hersteller HEINZ-GLAS ein ERP-Auswahl- und Organisationsgestaltungsprojekt durch.
  • Publication
    What does it take to implement open innovation? Towards an integrated capability framework
    ( 2017)
    Hosseini, Sabiölla
    ;
    Kees, Alexandra
    ;
    Manderscheid, Jonas
    ;
    Röglinger, Maximilian
    ;
    Rosemann, Michael
    Purpose In a world of ever-changing corporate environments and reduced product life cycles, most or-ganizations cannot afford anymore to innovate on their own. Hence, they open their innovation processes to incorporate knowledge of external sources and to increase their innovation potential. As the shift towards open innovation (OI) is difficult and makes many initiatives fail, the question arises which capabilities organizations should develop to successfully implement OI. As the literature encompasses mature but isolated streams on OI capabilities, there is a need for an integrated capability framework. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes the Open Innovation Capability Framework (OICF) that compiles and structures capabilities relevant for implementing OI. The OICF cove rs the outside-in and coupled processes of OI. To integrate multiple streams of the OI literature, the OICF builds on a structured literature review. The OICF was also validated in a two-step review process with OI experts from academia and industry. Findings The OICF comprises 23 capability areas grouped along the factors strategic alignment, govern-ance, methods, information technology, people, and culture. To analyze the existing body of knowledge on OI capabilities, we compare the OICF with other OI-related capability frameworks and compile a heatmap based on the results of the literature review. We also discuss the experts feedback on individual factors of the OICF as well as on interdependencies among these factors. Practical implications The OICF provides practitioners with a structured overview of the capabilities to consider when implementing OI. Based on the OICF, practitioners can define the scope of their OI initiatives. They can use the OICF as a foundation for prioritizing, selecting, and operationalizing capability areas as well as for deriving implementation roadmaps. Originality/value The OICF is the first framework to take a holistic perspective on OI capabilities. It integrates mature but isolated research streams of OI. It helps practitioners define the scope of OI initiatives and academics gain insights into the current state of the art on OI capabilities.