Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Towards an ELSA Curriculum for Data Scientists
    ( 2024-04-11)
    Christoforaki, Maria
    ;
    Beyan, Oya Deniz
    The use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in a growing number of domains in recent years has put into focus the ethical, legal, and societal aspects (ELSA) of these technologies and the relevant challenges they pose. In this paper, we propose an ELSA curriculum for data scientists aiming to raise awareness about ELSA challenges in their work, provide them with a common language with the relevant domain experts in order to cooperate to find appropriate solutions, and finally, incorporate ELSA in the data science workflow. ELSA should not be seen as an impediment or a superfluous artefact but rather as an integral part of the Data Science Project Lifecycle. The proposed curriculum uses the CRISP-DM (CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) model as a backbone to define a vertical partition expressed in modules corresponding to the CRISP-DM phases. The horizontal partition includes knowledge units belonging to three strands that run through the phases, namely ethical and societal, legal and technical rendering knowledge units (KUs). In addition to the detailed description of the aforementioned KUs, we also discuss their implementation, issues such as duration, form, and evaluation of participants, as well as the variance of the knowledge level and needs of the target audience.
  • Publication
    Managing artificial intelligence applications in healthcare: Promoting information processing among stakeholders
    ( 2024-04)
    Hofmann, Peter
    ;
    Lämmermann, Luis
    ;
    Urbach, Nils
    AI applications hold great potential for improving healthcare. However, successfully operating AI is a complex endeavor requiring organizations to establish adequate management approaches. Managing AI applications requires functioning information exchange between a diverse set of stakeholders. Lacking information processing among stakeholders increases task uncertainty, hampering the operation of AI applications. Existing research lacks an understanding of holistic AI management approaches. To shed light on AI management in healthcare, we conducted a multi-perspective literature analysis followed by an interview study. Based on the organizational information processing theory, this paper investigates AI management in healthcare from an organizational perspective. As a result, we develop the AI application management model (AIAMA) that illustrates the managerial factors of AI management in healthcare and its interrelations. Furthermore, we provide managerial practices that improve information processing among stakeholders. We contribute to the academic discourse by providing a conceptual framework that increases the theoretical understanding of AI's management factors and understanding of management interrelations. Moreover, we contribute to practice by providing management practices that promote information processing and decrease task uncertainty when managing AI applications in healthcare.
  • Publication
    Identification of Medical Ecosystems in the Field of Mental Health and Cardiovascular Diseases at the Cologne Site
    ( 2024-03-15)
    Dannenberg, Cara
    ;
    Heimann, Johannes
    ;
    Koumpis, Adamantios
    ;
    Beyan, Oya Deniz
    As part of the Europe-wide smart health innovation hub implemented in the context of the Horizon Europe SHIFT-HUB project, our work concerns the identification of specific medical research ecosystems in the two fields, namely cardiovascular diseases and mental illness, with Cologne as the central location. To achieve this aim, the websites of involved organizations were used for data research purposes, and the members of each respective ecosystem or network were identified by acquiring information about their cooperation partners. A variety of selection criteria have been applied to filter out whether these partners were suitable to be considered as a further starting point for the research. The results indicate the existence of ecosystems in the two fields, with Cologne as the central location, in which various stakeholders, including healthcare institutions, healthcare providers, foundations, NGOs, and the business community, work closely together. Larger institutions are usually networked at an international level, while smaller institutions increasingly depend on and foster regional partnerships. This promotes cooperation and the exchange of knowledge at the regional level and facilitates direct contact with the people affected, i.e., patients' groups. Research institutions in both fields often receive financial support from commercial organizations, which highlights the importance of the business community's involvement in exploiting research results and promoting the quality of healthcare. The article highlights the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the particular ecosystems, with all the different categories of institutions comprising an indispensable position. The interaction amongst stakeholders at international, regional, and local levels can significantly help to deploy resources more effectively and improve the quality of life of people suffering from any of the two conditions.
  • Publication
    Consumer-centric electricity markets: Six design principles
    ( 2024-03)
    Michaelis, Anne
    ;
    Hanny, Lisa-Maria
    ;
    Körner, Marc-Fabian
    ;
    Strüker, Jens
    ;
    Weibelzahl, Martin
    Key to the necessary decarbonization of energy systems is the large-scale expansion of renewable energy sources and their integration into the electricity system. This integration is challenging because the feed-in from renewable energy sources is highly intermittent and largely dependent on uncontrollable factors such as weather patterns. To maintain grid stability, which refers to the required balance between demand and supply in the electricity system, flexibility is key. Large flexibility potentials can be found on the electricity demand side. However, current electricity market design in Europe, while providing major flexibility incentives, often neglects small-scale electricity consumers and distributed energy resources. We contribute to shape future electricity markets with consumers at the heart by developing six design principles for a consumer-centric electricity market design. We proceed by conducting a systematic literature review and evaluate the findings by expert interviews. Based on the developed design principles, we define a consumer-centric electricity market design as a set of market rules that align with the rules of other relevant energy markets and allow for the efficient matching of electricity demand and supply, with consumers having nondiscriminatory market access, being exposed to fine-grained price signals, being able to express their preferences, and having sufficient possibilities to protect themselves against unexpected price spikes. By actively incorporating consumers into electricity markets, we contribute to the overarching goal of integrating renewable energy sources while promoting energy justice, i.e., supporting a balanced mix of economic, political, environmental, and social interests.
  • Publication
    Smartphone-Enabled Predictive Maintenance - Development and Implementation of a Reference Architecture and Processes
    ( 2024)
    Jonas, Claudius
    ;
    König, Ulrich
    ;
    Röglinger, Maximilian
    Predictive maintenance (PdM) is a hot topic in the field of manufacturing. However, its industry-wide realization lacks accepted integration concepts. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in particular, tend to postpone PdM initiatives, primarily due to the high costs and effort of creating interoperability with established as well as in-use machines. PdM requires machine data to be proactively maintained. Therefore, in-use machines without integrated sensors must be replaced or cost-intensively upgraded. Furthermore, it is not advisable to invest in upgrades of existing machines, as they are cost-intensive, and their remaining lifespan is unknown as well as difficult to predict. One promising approach to applying PdM to these kinds of machines is the use of retail smartphones. With up to 16 sensors onboard, they offer an opportunity to cost-effectively collect required data without being tied to a single machine. Following a design science research approach, we present a reference software architecture consisting of a mobile and server application and reference processes for smartphone-enabled PdM to provide a lightweight approach, especially for SMEs. Together with five manufacturers and a software developer, we demonstrated and evaluated our artifacts using the software prototypes in a real-world setting.
  • Publication
    How influencing factors of intention to use smart watches changed in pandemic times in Germany - a comparison
    ( 2024)
    Hall, Kristina
    ;
    Oesterle, Severin
    ;
    Watkowski, Laura
    ;
    Buck, Christoph
    The use of smart wearables, especially smart watches, has increased significantly in recent years. Driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, personal self-Tracking has never been more relevant. However, it is not yet clear which factors, functional or non-functional, influence the pre-Adoption of smart watches and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic has changed their weighting. To address this research gap, we reviewed the relevant literature and subsequently developed a conceptual model based on existing acceptance models and analysed our online empirical data using structural equation modelling. Our findings reveal significant differences over time, mainly driven by non-functional characteristics (i.e., perceived aesthetics, perceived price, perceived enjoyment). In addition, fashion consciousness seems to influence the relationship between perceived haptics and intention to use during pandemic times. Our findings shed light on the importance of contextual behavioural changes on technology use and provide practical and theoretical implications for manufacturers, users, and society.
  • Publication
    Unleashing the economic and ecological potential of energy flexibility: Attractiveness of real-time electricity tariffs in energy crises
    ( 2024)
    Förster, Robert
    ;
    Harding, Sebastian
    ;
    Buhl, Hans Ulrich
    The European energy crisis in 2021 and 2022 emphasized the importance of energy flexibility to mitigate price peaks and manage increased market volatility. Dynamic electricity tariffs are key to unlocking the potential of energy flexibility, as they incentivize flexible consumers to reduce their costs by shifting their load to periods of low prices. We quantify the potential of dynamic tariffs and focus on their economic and ecological potential particularly in energy crises. Using German Day-Ahead spot market data covering 2019 to 2022 as basis for a dynamic tariff, we determine the cost and emission spread between non-flexible and flexible industrial processes. Our results show that energy flexibility together with the real-time electricity tariff lead to energy cost reductions, with relative cost reductions of flexible loads being up to 12 times higher in the energy crisis. Moreover, pre-crisis electricity costs and associated emissions were highly positively correlated, implying flexibilities in real-time electricity tariffs may minimize electricity costs while simultaneously reducing emissions. Based on our results, we conclude that real-time electricity pricing provides a suitable instrument to (1) incentivize necessary investments in energy flexibility, especially in energy crises, and (2) facilitate flexible consumers to reduce costs and emissions at the same time.
  • Publication
    The Twin Transformation Butterfly: Capabilities for an Integrated Digital and Sustainability Transformation
    ( 2024)
    Christmann, Anne-Sophie
    ;
    Crome, Carlotta
    ;
    Graf-Drasch, Valerie
    ;
    Oberländer, Anna Maria
    ;
    Schmidt, Leonie
    Complex digitalization and sustainability challenges shape today’s management agendas. To date, the dedication of Information Systems research to both challenges has not been equal in terms of effort and reward. Building capabilities to leverage the synergetic potential of digital and sustainability transformation may enhance organizational performance and imply new value creation for the common good. To uncover such synergetic potential, this work conceptualizes the “twin transformation” construct as a value-adding reinforcing interplay between digital transformation and sustainability transformation efforts that improve an organization by leveraging digital technologies to enable sustainability and to guide digital progress by leveraging sustainability. The twin transformation conceptualization is complemented with a capability framework for twin transformation drawing from dynamic capability theory. This work contributes to descriptive knowledge of the interplay between digital transformation and sustainability transformation, setting a foundation for further theorizing on twin transformation and enabling organizations to twin transform.
  • Publication
    Exploring decentralized data management: a case study of changing energy suppliers in Germany
    ( 2024)
    Rülicke, Linda
    ;
    Fehrle, Florian
    ;
    Martin, Arne
    ;
    Monti, Antonello
    ;
    Berkhout, Volker
    ;
    Warweg, Oliver
    ;
    Möller, Sven
    This paper presents an innovative approach to decentralized data management in the German energy market, focusing on the use of decentralized data management with the help of Data Spaces to facilitate the automated change of energy suppliers within 24 h. The central focus of this research is the MakoMaker Space, a demonstrator project that employs the Connector from the Eclipse Data Space Components. The MakoMaker project demonstrates the successful automation of energy supplier changes, emphasizing the preservation of customer data sovereignty. It shows an alternative approach to the process, putting the customer into the center. Customers retain control of their data, which is accessible to providers as needed. While the paper discusses the potential for further enhancements, such as the integration of an identity provider and the development of a sustainable business model for service coordination, the primary focus is on the demonstrator’s successful application in a pilot setting.
  • Publication
    Digital Facilitation of Group Work to Gain Predictable Performance
    ( 2024)
    Gimpel, Henner
    ;
    Lahmer, Stefanie
    ;
    Wöhl, Moritz
    ;
    Graf-Drasch, Valerie
    Group work is a commonly used method of working, and the performance of a group can vary depending on the type and structure of the task at hand. Research suggests that groups can exhibit "collective intelligence" - the ability to perform well across tasks - under certain conditions, making group performance somewhat predictable. However, predictability of task performance becomes difficult when a task relies heavily on coordination among group members or is ill-defined. To address this issue, we propose a technical solution in the form of a chatbot providing advice to facilitate group work for more predictable performance. Specifically, we target well-defined, high-coordination tasks. Through experiments with 64 virtual groups performing various tasks and communicating via text-based chat, we found a relationship between the average intelligence of group members and their group performance in such tasks, making performance more predictable. The practical implications of this research are significant, as the assembly of consistently performing groups is an important organizational activity.