Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Towards Improving Accountability in Sensitive-Disclosure Scenarios
    ( 2024-06)
    Matzutt, Roman
    ;
    Wagner, Eric
    Public transparency has become increasingly important to uphold trust in government agencies and private companies alike, e.g., by establishing police accountability and proving abiding to ethical supply chain practices. Oftentimes, however, this public interest conflicts with the need for confidentiality of ongoing processes. In this paper, we investigate these sensitive-disclosure scenarios and the requirements for technical solutions to support the data dissemination in these scenarios. We identify translucent blockchains as a promising building block to provide transparency in sensitive-disclosure scenarios with fine-granular access control.
  • Publication
    Towards Access Control for Machine Learning Embeddings
    ( 2024-06)
    Matzutt, Roman
    In this work, we explore the potential to make embeddings, which are becoming an integral part of machine-learning pipelines, shareable with the general public while providing self-contained access control. To this end, we apply attribute-based encryption and discuss a potential application for supply chain management.
  • Publication
    Augmenting Divergent and Convergent Thinking in the Ideation Process: An LLM-Based Agent System
    ( 2024-05-03)
    Fischer-Brandies, Leopold
    ;
    Meierhöfer, Simon
    ;
    Protschky, Dominik
    Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in general and Large Language Models (LLMs) in particular have recently gained considerable attention in innovation management as a means to augment the generation of innovative ideas. While this trend seems to grow at an astonishing pace, knowledge of how to leverage the transformative potential of LLMs for the generation of new ideas remains scarce in the scientific literature. This poses a major challenge for organizations striving to channel the inherent capabilities of LLMs for idea generation in a meaningful and efficacious manner. Against this backdrop, we design and instantiate an artifact that augments divergent and convergent thinking in the ideation process with the help of LLMs (i.e., LLM-based agent systems) following the design science research paradigm. Based on the insights from ten evaluation interviews with subject matter experts, we conclude that the integration of our artifact into existing ideation processes is useful and applicable.
  • Publication
    Collectively Enhancing IoT Security: A Privacy-Aware Crowd-Sourcing Approach
    ( 2024)
    Dahlmanns, Markus
    ;
    Matzutt, Roman
    ;
    Dax, Chris
    ;
    Wehrle, Klaus
    Security configurations remain challenging for trained administrators. Nowadays, due to the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), untrained users operate numerous and heterogeneous Internet-facing services in manifold use case-specific scenarios. In this work, we close the growing gap between the complexity of IoT security configuration and the expertise of the affected users. To this end, we propose ColPSA, a platform for collective and privacy-aware security advice that allows users to optimize their configuration by exchanging information about what security can be realized given their IoT deployment and scenario.
  • Publication
    From Observing to Understanding: Empirical Insights on the Organizational Foundations of Security Chaos Engineering
    ( 2023-12)
    Strobel, Jacqueline
    ;
    Weiß, Florian Lennart
    ;
    Bitzer, Michael
    Cloud computing has become an integral part of modern corporate IT infrastructures. However, conventional IT-security measures cannot cope with its specific technical needs resulting from complexity, virtualization, or multi-tenancy as well as the need for holistic security approaches incorporating both technological and organizational perspectives on security. Security Chaos Engineering (SCE) constitutes a promising approach to overcome these shortcomings. Unfortunately, existing literature focuses on technical aspects of SCE and neglects the organizational perspective, i.e., which organizational success factors need to be addressed for a successful implementation. To close this gap, we conducted an interview study following the approach of Gioia et al. (2013) and identified seven success factors related to goals, social structure, participants, and technology within a company following Scott (1981). Furthermore, we found that these organizational success factors are not only the basis for the introduction of SCE but represent common requirements for holistic security approaches in general, too.
  • Publication
    Stereo-Satellite Imagery for the creation of DEM and topographic maps to support site management of the UNESCO World Heritage Minaret of Jam (Afghanistan)
    ( 2023-11-07)
    Toubekis, Georgios
    ;
    Moll, Albert
    ;
    Jansen, Michael
    ;
    Jarke, Matthias
    Remote sensing techniques for the management of cultural heritage sites in Afghanistan have been applied successfully in recent years because the security situation at the ground does not allow activities in the field. Advanced remote sensing technologies were used to generate elevation data from high-resolution satellite stereo-imagery of the Ikonos sensor for the generation of accurate topographic maps. Additional very high-resolution imagery of the WorldView-2 sensor was used to produce orthorectified image maps that facilitate local site management. Terrestrial measurements from previous field surveys were used for image geo-referencing and validation of the DEM from the stereo-imagery. Elevation points were derived in a semi-automatic process and adjusted by stereo-inspection through a human operator. Contour lines and shaded relief maps are created in the next step to be combined with findings from previous archaeological surveys. The superposition of all available information indicates that the existing boundaries of the World Heritage property and buffer zone are to be adjusted. The resulting maps serve as a planning base for future development activities, such as the enforcement of the river embankment to protect the minaret from flooding. The analytical data also serve for future numerical studies of the flooding regime at this particular place. It is argued that all data and cartographic products are required in such complicated cases with access restrictions for intensive fieldwork and should be considered in similar cases by researchers and planners. All activities form part of the international efforts to establish a protection scheme supporting the longterm management and the preservation of the World Heritage property.
  • Publication
    Designing with Farmers. A multi-actor framework to include Human-Centred Design in the digitization of farming services and collaboration practices
    ( 2023-11)
    Hearne, Dave
    ;
    Wolferts, Daniel
    ;
    Dilleen, Gráinne
    Agricultural innovation, such as new software and hardware, have often been created through a development lifecycle that often ignores users’ values, needs and concerns. Advisory services (or extension services) play a key role in promoting agricultural development and innovation and facilitate between involved actors. Traditional "linear models" of innovation have increasingly been replaced by more systemic approaches, including researchers, extension services, educators, and end-users - as promoted in the Mutli Actor Approach (MAA) by the EIP-Agri. Our work follows a Human-Centred Design (HCD) approach. HCD can be described as a methodology where designers follow a holistic approach to focus on users’ human needs in order to humanize the innovation process. We use the DEMETER Stakeholder Open Collaboration Space (SOCS) as an illustrative case study to demonstrate how using a Human-Centred Design (HCD) approach results in a more intuitive and user-friendly solution and demonstrates how HCD, as a MAA framework, can be used by advisory services to improve collaboration and aid in the digitization of agricultural practices. We illustrate methods on how agricultural advisors can include farmers in innovation processes from the very beginning, thus strengthening their position in agricultural innovation.
  • Publication
    Artificial expansion of power quality datasets using generative adversarial networks
    ( 2023-09-29)
    Stroot, Markus
    ;
    Alefs, Katharina
    ;
    Ulbig, Andreas
    ;
    Sen, Ömer
    Modern power grids are experiencing a rapid shift from traditional power plants towards highly decentralized and volatile energy generation by renewable sources. Generation units, such as wind turbines and solar panels are often integrated using inverter technology. This shift leads to power grids, which are more often operating under low-inertia condition. This can lead to an increase in Power Quality Disturbances. In order to react to such developments, advanced power quality monitoring systems are necessary. Current research into algorithms working with this monitoring data often employ machine learning. However, the training data sets used in this research can be small and/or sparse. In order to enhance future research into machine learning-based power quality monitoring, we investigate a possible approach for training data expansion. This approach is based on Generative Adversarial Networks, a modern data generation technique. A specialized Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is tested on a mathematically modeled reference data set. The results show promising examples, but also uncover several challenges resulting from the mechanics of GAN themselves. Further research is needed to overcome these challenges and enable GAN to be used to their full potential.
  • Publication
    Social Robots in Care and Data Privacy - A European Perspective
    ( 2023-09-11)
    Carros, Felix
    ;
    Wierling, Anne
    Social Robots increasingly become a challenge for data privacy regulations within care facilities, as they are not prepared for robots that can scan their surroundings and possibly share this data in real-time. The needs of stakeholders to these emerging challenges must be analyzed to apply existing data privacy rules. We collected data from stakeholders through interviews (n=66), surveys (n=271) and workshops (n=39). The data was analyzed towards opinions of data privacy concerning robots in care facilities. Our findings have then been contrasted to existing data privacy regulations (GDPR) in Europe and show how the needs of the stakeholders towards such systems can be harmonized with the existing rules and what additional regulation is needed. This study enables a better understanding of the expectations and challenges towards social robots regarding data privacy.
  • Publication
    Fears about Social Robots in Nursing
    ( 2023-09-11)
    Carros, Felix
    ;
    Jockisch, Sabine
    ;
    Manavi, Mehrbod
    ;
    Wulf, Volker
    As the nursing sector’s shortcomings remain unchanged, social robots are becoming increasingly relevant. While real-life encounters are uncommon, the media and fiction continue to impact people’s perceptions of robots. Capabilities and shortcomings are frequently exaggerated, producing a vision of automated technology that will replace human labor. This article focuses on the topic of worries associated with robot use. Most stakeholders are concerned about disenfranchisement and data protection. They create uncertainties about how the introduction of robots will affect people’s lives and work situations. This article compiles the concerns of various parties and advocates for the transparent and participatory evelopment of robots in nursing.