Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Towards Improving Accountability in Sensitive-Disclosure Scenarios
    ( 2024-06)
    Matzutt, Roman
    ;
    Wagner, Eric
    Public transparency has become increasingly important to uphold trust in government agencies and private companies alike, e.g., by establishing police accountability and proving abiding to ethical supply chain practices. Oftentimes, however, this public interest conflicts with the need for confidentiality of ongoing processes. In this paper, we investigate these sensitive-disclosure scenarios and the requirements for technical solutions to support the data dissemination in these scenarios. We identify translucent blockchains as a promising building block to provide transparency in sensitive-disclosure scenarios with fine-granular access control.
  • Publication
    Towards Access Control for Machine Learning Embeddings
    ( 2024-06)
    Matzutt, Roman
    In this work, we explore the potential to make embeddings, which are becoming an integral part of machine-learning pipelines, shareable with the general public while providing self-contained access control. To this end, we apply attribute-based encryption and discuss a potential application for supply chain management.
  • Publication
    Das Studium individuellen Verhaltens im Kontext deutscher Familienpolitik - Empirische Untersuchungen der Unterhaltsreform von 2008, der Kindesunterhaltspflicht und der Vereinbarkeit von Karriere und Privatleben
    ( 2024-05-17)
    Schaubert, Marianna
    Zusammenfassung der Dissertation A study of human behavior under the shadow of German regulations: Empirical investigations of the 2008 Alimony Reform, child support obligations, and career-life reconciliation, 2018 Gesellschaftspolitische Relevanz Mit familienpolitischen Maÿnahmen spiegelt der Gesetzgeber nicht nur gesellschaftliche Veränderungen wider. Er gestaltet auch aktiv die Rahmenbedingungen für Familien und setzt neue gesellschaftliche Leitbilder. Mit der Reform des nachehelichen Unterhalts von 2008 wird beispielsweise von Geschiedenen die nanzielle Eigenverantwortung gefordert. Somit stellt diese Reform einen Paradigmenwechsel dar von starker nachehelicher Solidarität zur nanziellen Unabhängigkeit nach einer Scheidung. Einmal Zahnarztgattin, immer Zahnarztgattin das gilt nicht mehr. 1 Gleichzeitig geht der Gesetzgeber bisher davon aus, dass im Trennungsfall ein Elternteil das Kind betreut und der andere Barunterhalt für das Kind leistet. Das traditionelle Familienbild der 1950er lebt also im Falle von Trennungsfamilien fort. Das Rechenmodell der Familiengerichte, die Düsseldorfer Tabelle, trägt dem immer noch Rechnung. 2 Angesichts des drohenden Fachkräftemangels und des demographischen Wandels wird zugleich das Leitbild der Vereinbarkeit von Berufs-und Privatleben für Frauen propagiert. Frauen können alles. Traut euch!
  • Publication
    Towards an ELSA Curriculum for Data Scientists
    ( 2024-04-11)
    Christoforaki, Maria
    ;
    Beyan, Oya Deniz
    The use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in a growing number of domains in recent years has put into focus the ethical, legal, and societal aspects (ELSA) of these technologies and the relevant challenges they pose. In this paper, we propose an ELSA curriculum for data scientists aiming to raise awareness about ELSA challenges in their work, provide them with a common language with the relevant domain experts in order to cooperate to find appropriate solutions, and finally, incorporate ELSA in the data science workflow. ELSA should not be seen as an impediment or a superfluous artefact but rather as an integral part of the Data Science Project Lifecycle. The proposed curriculum uses the CRISP-DM (CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) model as a backbone to define a vertical partition expressed in modules corresponding to the CRISP-DM phases. The horizontal partition includes knowledge units belonging to three strands that run through the phases, namely ethical and societal, legal and technical rendering knowledge units (KUs). In addition to the detailed description of the aforementioned KUs, we also discuss their implementation, issues such as duration, form, and evaluation of participants, as well as the variance of the knowledge level and needs of the target audience.
  • Publication
    Managing artificial intelligence applications in healthcare: Promoting information processing among stakeholders
    ( 2024-04)
    Hofmann, Peter
    ;
    Lämmermann, Luis
    ;
    Urbach, Nils
    AI applications hold great potential for improving healthcare. However, successfully operating AI is a complex endeavor requiring organizations to establish adequate management approaches. Managing AI applications requires functioning information exchange between a diverse set of stakeholders. Lacking information processing among stakeholders increases task uncertainty, hampering the operation of AI applications. Existing research lacks an understanding of holistic AI management approaches. To shed light on AI management in healthcare, we conducted a multi-perspective literature analysis followed by an interview study. Based on the organizational information processing theory, this paper investigates AI management in healthcare from an organizational perspective. As a result, we develop the AI application management model (AIAMA) that illustrates the managerial factors of AI management in healthcare and its interrelations. Furthermore, we provide managerial practices that improve information processing among stakeholders. We contribute to the academic discourse by providing a conceptual framework that increases the theoretical understanding of AI's management factors and understanding of management interrelations. Moreover, we contribute to practice by providing management practices that promote information processing and decrease task uncertainty when managing AI applications in healthcare.
  • Publication
    Identification of Medical Ecosystems in the Field of Mental Health and Cardiovascular Diseases at the Cologne Site
    ( 2024-03-15)
    Dannenberg, Cara
    ;
    Heimann, Johannes
    ;
    Koumpis, Adamantios
    ;
    Beyan, Oya Deniz
    As part of the Europe-wide smart health innovation hub implemented in the context of the Horizon Europe SHIFT-HUB project, our work concerns the identification of specific medical research ecosystems in the two fields, namely cardiovascular diseases and mental illness, with Cologne as the central location. To achieve this aim, the websites of involved organizations were used for data research purposes, and the members of each respective ecosystem or network were identified by acquiring information about their cooperation partners. A variety of selection criteria have been applied to filter out whether these partners were suitable to be considered as a further starting point for the research. The results indicate the existence of ecosystems in the two fields, with Cologne as the central location, in which various stakeholders, including healthcare institutions, healthcare providers, foundations, NGOs, and the business community, work closely together. Larger institutions are usually networked at an international level, while smaller institutions increasingly depend on and foster regional partnerships. This promotes cooperation and the exchange of knowledge at the regional level and facilitates direct contact with the people affected, i.e., patients' groups. Research institutions in both fields often receive financial support from commercial organizations, which highlights the importance of the business community's involvement in exploiting research results and promoting the quality of healthcare. The article highlights the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the particular ecosystems, with all the different categories of institutions comprising an indispensable position. The interaction amongst stakeholders at international, regional, and local levels can significantly help to deploy resources more effectively and improve the quality of life of people suffering from any of the two conditions.
  • Publication
    Blueprint of the Common European Energy Data Space
    ( 2024-03)
    Dognini, Alberto
    ;
    Monti, Antonello
    ;
    Kung, Antonio
    ;
    Medela, Arturo
    ;
    Joglekar, Charukeshi Mayuresh
    ;
    Schaffer, Christoph
    ;
    Stampatori, Daniele
    ;
    Jimenez, Diana
    ;
    Maqueda, Erik
    ;
    Coelho, Fabio
    ;
    Mancel, Florian
    ;
    Hartner, Georg
    ;
    Lipari, Gianluca
    ;
    Valiño, Javier
    ;
    Jimeno Huarte, Joseba
    ;
    Guitart, Laia
    ;
    Schmitt, Laurent
    ;
    Karg, Ludwig
    ;
    Kollenstart, Maarten
    ;
    Santos Mugica, Maider
    ;
    Kurz, Marc
    ;
    Arles, Marion
    ;
    Stroot, Markus
    ;
    Baka, Maro
    ;
    Galluccio, Martina
    ;
    Massimo Bertoncini
    ;
    Fantino, Maurizio
    ;
    Hödl, Oliver
    ;
    Genest, Olivier
    ;
    Bessa, Ricardo
    ;
    Rita Dornmair
    ;
    Tsitsanis, Tasos
    ;
    Thomas Strasser
    ;
    Jimenez, Sonia
    ;
    Berkhout, Volker
    This document addresses the concept of a Common European Energy Data Space (CEEDS), providing detailed approaches and recommendations for its real-world realization. In particular, the main objective of this blueprint is to guide on enhancing the existing data infrastructures, in the energy domain, towards the full embracement of data space solutions. Bridging this gap will empower the introduction of novel energy services, which will increase the efficiency and reliability of the energy systems while providing substantial benefits for every stakeholder. The key scope of this document is to present (i) a framework for new economically feasible business use cases and (ii) the general data space architecture that can enable them. This architecture aims to interconnect the existing data infrastructures, of legacy systems, with federated data spaces; at this scope, technical specifications have been included.
  • Publication
    Consumer-centric electricity markets: Six design principles
    ( 2024-03)
    Michaelis, Anne
    ;
    Hanny, Lisa-Maria
    ;
    Körner, Marc-Fabian
    ;
    Strüker, Jens
    ;
    Weibelzahl, Martin
    Key to the necessary decarbonization of energy systems is the large-scale expansion of renewable energy sources and their integration into the electricity system. This integration is challenging because the feed-in from renewable energy sources is highly intermittent and largely dependent on uncontrollable factors such as weather patterns. To maintain grid stability, which refers to the required balance between demand and supply in the electricity system, flexibility is key. Large flexibility potentials can be found on the electricity demand side. However, current electricity market design in Europe, while providing major flexibility incentives, often neglects small-scale electricity consumers and distributed energy resources. We contribute to shape future electricity markets with consumers at the heart by developing six design principles for a consumer-centric electricity market design. We proceed by conducting a systematic literature review and evaluate the findings by expert interviews. Based on the developed design principles, we define a consumer-centric electricity market design as a set of market rules that align with the rules of other relevant energy markets and allow for the efficient matching of electricity demand and supply, with consumers having nondiscriminatory market access, being exposed to fine-grained price signals, being able to express their preferences, and having sufficient possibilities to protect themselves against unexpected price spikes. By actively incorporating consumers into electricity markets, we contribute to the overarching goal of integrating renewable energy sources while promoting energy justice, i.e., supporting a balanced mix of economic, political, environmental, and social interests.
  • Publication
    The Twin Transformation Butterfly: Capabilities for an Integrated Digital and Sustainability Transformation
    ( 2024)
    Christmann, Anne-Sophie
    ;
    Crome, Carlotta
    ;
    Graf-Drasch, Valerie
    ;
    Oberländer, Anna Maria
    ;
    Schmidt, Leonie
    Complex digitalization and sustainability challenges shape today’s management agendas. To date, the dedication of Information Systems research to both challenges has not been equal in terms of effort and reward. Building capabilities to leverage the synergetic potential of digital and sustainability transformation may enhance organizational performance and imply new value creation for the common good. To uncover such synergetic potential, this work conceptualizes the “twin transformation” construct as a value-adding reinforcing interplay between digital transformation and sustainability transformation efforts that improve an organization by leveraging digital technologies to enable sustainability and to guide digital progress by leveraging sustainability. The twin transformation conceptualization is complemented with a capability framework for twin transformation drawing from dynamic capability theory. This work contributes to descriptive knowledge of the interplay between digital transformation and sustainability transformation, setting a foundation for further theorizing on twin transformation and enabling organizations to twin transform.
  • Publication
    Unleashing the economic and ecological potential of energy flexibility: Attractiveness of real-time electricity tariffs in energy crises
    ( 2024)
    Förster, Robert
    ;
    Harding, Sebastian
    ;
    Buhl, Hans Ulrich
    The European energy crisis in 2021 and 2022 emphasized the importance of energy flexibility to mitigate price peaks and manage increased market volatility. Dynamic electricity tariffs are key to unlocking the potential of energy flexibility, as they incentivize flexible consumers to reduce their costs by shifting their load to periods of low prices. We quantify the potential of dynamic tariffs and focus on their economic and ecological potential particularly in energy crises. Using German Day-Ahead spot market data covering 2019 to 2022 as basis for a dynamic tariff, we determine the cost and emission spread between non-flexible and flexible industrial processes. Our results show that energy flexibility together with the real-time electricity tariff lead to energy cost reductions, with relative cost reductions of flexible loads being up to 12 times higher in the energy crisis. Moreover, pre-crisis electricity costs and associated emissions were highly positively correlated, implying flexibilities in real-time electricity tariffs may minimize electricity costs while simultaneously reducing emissions. Based on our results, we conclude that real-time electricity pricing provides a suitable instrument to (1) incentivize necessary investments in energy flexibility, especially in energy crises, and (2) facilitate flexible consumers to reduce costs and emissions at the same time.