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PublicationBloom Encodings in DGA Detection: Improving Machine Learning Privacy by Building on Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage( 2024-09-14)
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PublicationVerteilungswirkungen und Fallstricke des Faktorverfahrens bei der Lohnsteuer( 2024-08)Der Koalitionsvertrag der Bundesregierung sieht bei der Lohnsteuer die Überführung der Steuerklassenkombination III/V für verheiratete Paare in das Faktorverfahren der Steuerklasse IV vor, mit dem Ziel, die wirtschaftliche Unabhängigkeit und Fairness zu stärken. Das Faktorverfahren könnte mögliche Nachteile der Steuerklassenkombination III/V beheben, insbesondere die hohe Grenzbelastung bei der Lohnsteuer in Steuerklasse V. Die geplante Reform ist gleichzeitig mit mehreren Fallstricken verbunden. Im Folgenden werden die zu erwartenden Aufkommens- und Verteilungswirkungen einer solchen Überführung anhand eines Mikrosimulationsmodells detailliert dargestellt. Ein Fokus liegt auf möglichen Schwierigkeiten bei der Umsetzung, insbesondere bei unterjährig Beschäftigten und Alleinverdienenden.
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PublicationTowards an ELSA Curriculum for Data Scientists( 2024-04-11)The use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in a growing number of domains in recent years has put into focus the ethical, legal, and societal aspects (ELSA) of these technologies and the relevant challenges they pose. In this paper, we propose an ELSA curriculum for data scientists aiming to raise awareness about ELSA challenges in their work, provide them with a common language with the relevant domain experts in order to cooperate to find appropriate solutions, and finally, incorporate ELSA in the data science workflow. ELSA should not be seen as an impediment or a superfluous artefact but rather as an integral part of the Data Science Project Lifecycle. The proposed curriculum uses the CRISP-DM (CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) model as a backbone to define a vertical partition expressed in modules corresponding to the CRISP-DM phases. The horizontal partition includes knowledge units belonging to three strands that run through the phases, namely ethical and societal, legal and technical rendering knowledge units (KUs). In addition to the detailed description of the aforementioned KUs, we also discuss their implementation, issues such as duration, form, and evaluation of participants, as well as the variance of the knowledge level and needs of the target audience.
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PublicationManaging artificial intelligence applications in healthcare: Promoting information processing among stakeholders( 2024-04)AI applications hold great potential for improving healthcare. However, successfully operating AI is a complex endeavor requiring organizations to establish adequate management approaches. Managing AI applications requires functioning information exchange between a diverse set of stakeholders. Lacking information processing among stakeholders increases task uncertainty, hampering the operation of AI applications. Existing research lacks an understanding of holistic AI management approaches. To shed light on AI management in healthcare, we conducted a multi-perspective literature analysis followed by an interview study. Based on the organizational information processing theory, this paper investigates AI management in healthcare from an organizational perspective. As a result, we develop the AI application management model (AIAMA) that illustrates the managerial factors of AI management in healthcare and its interrelations. Furthermore, we provide managerial practices that improve information processing among stakeholders. We contribute to the academic discourse by providing a conceptual framework that increases the theoretical understanding of AI's management factors and understanding of management interrelations. Moreover, we contribute to practice by providing management practices that promote information processing and decrease task uncertainty when managing AI applications in healthcare.
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PublicationIdentification of Medical Ecosystems in the Field of Mental Health and Cardiovascular Diseases at the Cologne Site( 2024-03-15)As part of the Europe-wide smart health innovation hub implemented in the context of the Horizon Europe SHIFT-HUB project, our work concerns the identification of specific medical research ecosystems in the two fields, namely cardiovascular diseases and mental illness, with Cologne as the central location. To achieve this aim, the websites of involved organizations were used for data research purposes, and the members of each respective ecosystem or network were identified by acquiring information about their cooperation partners. A variety of selection criteria have been applied to filter out whether these partners were suitable to be considered as a further starting point for the research. The results indicate the existence of ecosystems in the two fields, with Cologne as the central location, in which various stakeholders, including healthcare institutions, healthcare providers, foundations, NGOs, and the business community, work closely together. Larger institutions are usually networked at an international level, while smaller institutions increasingly depend on and foster regional partnerships. This promotes cooperation and the exchange of knowledge at the regional level and facilitates direct contact with the people affected, i.e., patients' groups. Research institutions in both fields often receive financial support from commercial organizations, which highlights the importance of the business community's involvement in exploiting research results and promoting the quality of healthcare. The article highlights the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the particular ecosystems, with all the different categories of institutions comprising an indispensable position. The interaction amongst stakeholders at international, regional, and local levels can significantly help to deploy resources more effectively and improve the quality of life of people suffering from any of the two conditions.
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PublicationConsumer-centric electricity markets: Six design principles( 2024-03)Key to the necessary decarbonization of energy systems is the large-scale expansion of renewable energy sources and their integration into the electricity system. This integration is challenging because the feed-in from renewable energy sources is highly intermittent and largely dependent on uncontrollable factors such as weather patterns. To maintain grid stability, which refers to the required balance between demand and supply in the electricity system, flexibility is key. Large flexibility potentials can be found on the electricity demand side. However, current electricity market design in Europe, while providing major flexibility incentives, often neglects small-scale electricity consumers and distributed energy resources. We contribute to shape future electricity markets with consumers at the heart by developing six design principles for a consumer-centric electricity market design. We proceed by conducting a systematic literature review and evaluate the findings by expert interviews. Based on the developed design principles, we define a consumer-centric electricity market design as a set of market rules that align with the rules of other relevant energy markets and allow for the efficient matching of electricity demand and supply, with consumers having nondiscriminatory market access, being exposed to fine-grained price signals, being able to express their preferences, and having sufficient possibilities to protect themselves against unexpected price spikes. By actively incorporating consumers into electricity markets, we contribute to the overarching goal of integrating renewable energy sources while promoting energy justice, i.e., supporting a balanced mix of economic, political, environmental, and social interests.
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PublicationToward Seamless Mobility-as-a-Service( 2024-02-19)With growing awareness of sustainability and convenience expectations, customers are increasingly demanding integrated and seamless mobility in the form of mobility-as-a-service (MaaS). However, as centralized MaaS platforms have thus far failed to integrate a critical share of mobility service providers (MSPs), travelers lack opportunities to efficiently combine the various mobility services required for seamless end-to-end itinerary coverage. Particularly, MSPs often refuse to collaborate by devolving control over customer interfaces or sensitive data owing to threats of market power concentration. While alternative blockchain-based approaches aim to provide equal market access, they cannot sufficiently align competing business goals and face substantial problems resulting from the replicated processing of sensitive data. Both researchers and practitioners have recently suggested decentralized digital identity management enabled by digital wallets as a promising mechanism to exchange verifiable identity attributes while mitigating problems related to data aggregation. Following a design science research approach, the article accordingly explores how digital wallets can address the shortcomings of existing approaches to MaaS. It contributes a novel IS architecture and principles for a design at the nexus of centralized and decentralized solutions to mitigate tensions between cooperation and competition. Further, the findings indicate that when building decentralized solutions, one should also consider components beyond blockchain and smart contracts.
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Publicationpymfm - A Python framework for microgrid flexibility management( 2024)pymfm is an open-source Python framework for microgrid flexibility management. It is used for developing and testing management strategies according to the rule-based and optimization-based algorithms. This framework allows to control flexible assets in form of battery energy storage and photovoltaic units within microgrids and in both (near) real-time and scheduling operation modes. Additionally, pymfm provides simulation routines for microgrids and can be used by researchers, system operators, aggregators, microgrid owners, renewable energy communities, etc. An example is also provided and serves as an illustration of how the framework can be used to test custom energy management strategies.
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PublicationConceptualizing the Integration of Business and Private Components in Individual Information Systems( 2024)
