Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Digital shadows: Infrastructuring the Internet of Production
    ( 2023)
    Aalst, Wil van der
    ;
    Jarke, Matthias
    ;
    Koren, István
    ;
    Quix, Christoph
    Digitization in the field of production is fragmented in very different domains, ranging from materials to production technology to process and business models. Each domain comes with specialized knowledge, often incorporated into mathematical models. This heterogeneity makes it hard to naively exploit advances in data-driven machine learning that could facilitate situation adaptation and experience transfer. Innovative combinations of model-driven and data-driven solutions must be invented but also made comparable and interoperable to avoid ending up in information silos. In future World Wide Labs (WWLs), experiences can be shared, aggregated, and used for innovation. WWLs will be complex, evolving socio-technical networks of interconnected devices, software, data stores, and humans as users and contributors of expert knowledge and feedback. Integrating a large number of research labs, engineering, and production sites requires a capable cross-domain Internet of Production (IoP) infrastructure. The IoP project claims Digital Shadows (DSs) to offer a shared conceptual foundation for infrastructuring the IoP. In engineering, DSs were introduced as the data provision link to Digital Twins, whereas in computer science, DSs generalize the well-established concept of database views. In this chapter, we elaborate on the roles of DSs in infrastructuring the IoP from three perspectives: analytic functionality, conceptual organization, and technical networking. As an example where an integrative DS-like approach is already highly successful, we showcase the approach and infrastructure of the process mining field.
  • Publication
    KI und Information
    ( 2022)
    Jarke, Matthias
    ;
    Lemme, Max
    ;
    Nagel, Saskia
    ;
    Katoen, Joost-Pieter
    ;
    Waser, Rainer
  • Publication
    Federated Data Integration in Data Spaces
    ( 2022)
    Jarke, Matthias
    ;
    Quix, Christoph
    Data Spaces form a network for sovereign data sharing. In this chapter, we explore the implications that the IDS reference architecture will have on typical scenarios of federated data integration and question answering processes. After a classification of data integration scenarios and their special requirements, we first present a workflow-based solution for integrated data materialization that has been used in several IDS use cases. We then discuss some limitations of such approaches and propose an additional approach based on logic formalisms and machine learning methods that promise to reduce data traffic, security, and privacy risks while helping users to select more meaningful data sources.
  • Publication
    Governance Structures in Next Generation Manufacturing
    ( 2022)
    Brecher, Christian
    ;
    Jarke, Matthias
    ;
    Piller, Frank T.
    ;
    Schuh, Günther
    ;
    Becker, Annika
    ;
    Brillowski, Florian
    ;
    Christou, Ester
    ;
    Koren, István
    ;
    Kuhn, Maximilian
    ;
    Lüttgens, Dirk
    ;
    Van Dyck, Marc
    ;
    Wiesch, Marian
  • Publication
    Physical revitalization of the Eastern Buddha Statue in Bamiyan using reinforced adobe material
    ( 2020)
    Toubekis, Georgios
    ;
    Jansen, Michael
    ;
    Jarke, Matthias
    The magnitude of destruction on cultural heritage worldwide creates unprecedented challenges for its rehabilitation since conservation activities must be integrated into the context of larger rehabilitation efforts. It is argued that an authentic remodelling of the Eastern 38 m Buddha establishing the previous spatial configuration of the figure has to integrate the original fragments, combining scientific analysis of the figure's original physical remains with the careful interpretation of the existing documented sources. The authors propose a phased approach using a composite material matrix based on silt-clay close to the original cliff conglomerate embedding also the original fragments. The presented community-based rebuilding intervention executed by local artisans and artists conceptualizes on the evolution of the figurative meaning of the monument over time with the overall objective to use traditional building techniques to retain tangible and intangible values that maintain the authenticity and the specific significance and spirit of this place. The result has the potential to contribute to a necessary reconciliation process. It may serve as an exemplary case in World Heritage context able to bridge different cultural approaches to heritage among regional, national, and international bodies and stakeholders while respecting diverse values, meanings and the Buddha figure's original physical remains alike.
  • Publication
    A model-assisted and data-driven ecosystem based on Digital Shadows
    ( 2019)
    Jarke, Matthias
    Data-driven machine learning methods are typically most successful when they can rely on very large and in some sense, homogeneous training sets in areas where little prior scientific knowledge exists. Production engineering, management, and usage satisfy few of these criteria and therefore do not show very many success stories, beyond narrowly defined specific issues in specific contexts. While, in contrast, the last years have seen impressive successes in model-driven materials and production engineering methods, these methods lack context and real-time adaptivity. Our vision of an Internet of Production, pursued in an interdisciplinary DFG Excellence Cluster at RWTH Aachen University, addresses these shortcomings: Through sophisticated heterogeneous data integration and controlled data sharing approaches, it broadens the experience base of cross organizational product and process data. At the method level, it interleaves fast ""reduced models from different engineering fields, with enhanced explainable machine learning techniques and model-driven re-engineering during operations. As a common conceptual modeling abstraction, we investigate Digital Shadows, a strongly empowered variant of the well-known view concept from data management. Several initial experiments indicate the power of this approach but also highlight many further research challenges.
  • Publication
    On warehouses, lakes, and spaces. The changing role of conceptual modeling for data integration
    ( 2017)
    Jarke, Matthias
    ;
    Quix, Christoph
    The role of conceptual models, their formalization and implementation as knowledge bases, and the related metadata and metamodel management, has continuously evolved since their inception in the late 1970s. In this paper, we trace this evolution from traditional database design, to data warehouse integration, to the recent data lake architectures. Concerning future developments, we argue that much of the research has perhaps focused too much on the design perspective of individual companies or strongly managed centralistic company networks, culminating in today's huge oligopolistic web players, and propose a vision of interacting data spaces which seems to offer more sovereignty of small and medium enterprises over their own data.