Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Grounded design: A research paradigm in practice-based computing
    ( 2018)
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Rohde, M.
    ;
    Korn, M.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
  • Publication
    Research into design-research practices
    ( 2018)
    Randall, D.
    ;
    Dyrks, T.
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    Nett, B.
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    Pipek, V.
    ;
    Ramirez, L.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Wagner, I.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
  • Publication
    Preface
    ( 2018)
    Wulf, V.
    ;
    Pipek, V.
    ;
    Randall, D.
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    Rohde, M.
    ;
    Schmidt, K.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
  • Publication
    What Happened in my Home?
    ( 2017)
    Castelli, N.
    ;
    Ogonowski, C.
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    Jakobi, T.
    ;
    Stein, M.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    Smart home systems change the way we experience the home. While there are established research fields within HCI for visualizing specific use cases of a smart home, studies targeting user demands on visualizations spanning across multiple use cases are rare. Especially, individual data-related demands pose a challenge for usable visualizations. To investigate potentials of an end-user development (EUD) approach for flexibly supporting such demands, we developed a smart home system featuring both pre-defined visualizations and a visualization creation tool. To evaluate our concept, we installed our prototype in 12 households as part of a Living Lab study. Results are based on three interview studies, a design workshop and system log data. We identified eight overarching interests in home data and show how participants used pre-defined visualizations to get an overview and the creation tool to not only address specific use cases but also to answer questions by creating temporary visualizations.
  • Publication
    Grounded Design
    ( 2017)
    Rohde, M.
    ;
    Brödner, P.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Betz, M.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    In this paper, we propose Grounded Design - a particular design research (DR) approach rooted in a practice-theoretical tradition. It assesses the quality of information technology (IT) design through evaluation of emerging changes in social practices, which result from the appropriation and use of IT artifacts. The paper starts with a systematic analysis of the reasons for persistent limitations of traditional information systems DR, specifically in coping with problems of contingency and self-referentiality. Following this critique, the principles of Grounded Design are presented. Grounded Design is applied in case studies where we reconstruct the social practices observed before and during the design and appropriation of innovative IT artifacts. We call these context-specific research endeavors 'design case studies.' In conducting these case studies, Grounded Design builds upon well-established research methods such as ethnographical field studies, participatory design and action research. To support the transferability of its situated findings, Grounded Design suggests documenting increasing numbers of design case studies to create an extended, comparative knowledge base. Comparing cases allows for the emergence of bottom-up concepts dealing with the design and appropriation of innovative IT artifacts in social practice.
  • Publication
    The catch(es) with smart home - Experiences of a Living Lab field study
    ( 2017)
    Jakobi, T.
    ;
    Ogonowski, C.
    ;
    Castelli, N.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    Smart home systems are becoming an integral feature of the emerging home IT market. Under this general term, products mainly address issues of security, energy savings and comfort. Comprehensive systems that cover several use cases are typically operated and managed via a unified dashboard. Unfortunately, research targeting user experience (UX) design for smart home interaction that spans several use cases or covering the entire system is scarce. Furthermore, existing comprehensive and user-centered long-term studies on challenges and needs throughout phases of information collection, installation and operation of smart home systems are technologically outdated. Our 18-month Living Lab study covering 14 households equipped with smart home technology provides insights on how to design for improving smart home appropriation. This includes a stronger sensibility for household practices during setup and configuration, flexible visualizations for evolving demands and an extension of smart home beyond the location.
  • Publication
    What people do with consumption feedback: A long-term living lab study of a home energy management system
    ( 2015)
    Schwartz, T.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Jakobi, T.
    ;
    Denef, S.
    ;
    Ramirez, L.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    ;
    Randall, D.
    One of the great societal challenges that we face today concerns the move to more sustainable patterns of energy consumption, reflecting the need to balance both individual consumer choice and societal demands. In order for this 'energy turnaround' to take place, however, reducing residential energy consumption must go beyond using energy-efficient devices:More sustainable behaviour and lifestyles are essential parts of future 'energy aware' living.Addressing this issue from an HCI perspective, this paper presents the results of a 3-year research project dealing with the co-design and appropriation of a Home Energy Management System (HEMS) that has been rolled out in a living lab setting with seven households for a period of 18 months. Our HEMS is inspired by feedback systems in Sustainable Interaction Design and allows the monitoring of energy consumption in real-time. In contrast to existing research mainly focusing on how technology can persuade people to consume les s energy ('what technology does to people'), our study focuses on the appropriation of energy feedback systems ('what people do with technology') and hownewly developed practices can become a resource for future technology design. Therefore, we deliberately followed an open research design. In keeping with this approach, our study uncovers various responses, practices and obstacles of HEMS use.We show that HEMS use is characterized by a number of different features. Recognizing the distinctive patterns of technology use in the different households and the evolutionary character of that use within the households, we conclude with a discussion of these patterns in relation to existing research and their meaning for the design of future HEMSs.
  • Publication
    Practice-Based Computing: Empirically Grounded Conceptualizations Derived from Design Case Studies
    ( 2015)
    Wulf, V.
    ;
    Müller, C.
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    Pipek, V.
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    Randall, D.
    ;
    Rohde, M.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    The introduction of IT has changed the way we live in many ways. Historically, it can even be argued that socially embedded applications of information technology challenge and change practices to an extent rarely seen before with any other type of technological artifacts. If these IT artifacts have strong and recurrent impacts on people's lives, we need to reconsider design practice artifacts which allow for anticipating use practices and bring together inspirational creativity with evaluative methods.
  • Publication
    Tangible and screen-based interfaces for end-user workflow modeling
    ( 2014)
    Boden, A.
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    Dörner, C.
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    Draxler, S.
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    Pipek, V.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    Bridging the gap between business needs and IT solutions is a major challenge in service-oriented computing, and recent research emphasizes the importance of including end users in service-based application development. An analysis of two different approaches - tangible and screen-based versions of tools - demonstrates how users can participate in the development of technical workflow models based on their perception of business processes.
  • Publication
    Articulation spaces: Bridging the gap between formal and informal coordination
    ( 2014)
    Boden, A.
    ;
    Rosswog, F.
    ;
    Stevens, G.
    ;
    Wulf, V.
    The high complexity of knowledge-intensive work such as software development makes it beneficial to have spaces for formal and informal articulation work. Existing information systems (IS) tend to treat these different aspects of coordination separately, resulting in problems of awareness and coordination. To bridge this gap, we present the concept of Articulation Spaces which combines aspects of Coordination Mechanisms and Common Information Spaces (CIS) in order to provide a room for mediating between the formal and informal aspects of coordination. Based on a design study in the form of a lightweight public display that has been tested in a medium-sized German software company, we show how Articulation Spaces provide information for meta-coordination, encourage ad-hoc coordination and support decision-making processes. Our findings provide insights into the design of support systems for flexible and coordination-intensive contexts such as software development work.