Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Cultural Master Plan Bamiyan (Afghanistan) - A Process Model for the Management of Cultural Landscapes Based on Remote-Sensing Data
    ( 2021)
    Toubekis, G.
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    Jansen, M.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2003. An international safeguarding campaign is active for its preservation, including the remains of the Buddha figures destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. Efforts are underway to set up an effective management system for the historical areas within a wider landscape approach balancing conflicting uses and demands. Based on detailed high-resolution satellite imagery and accompanying ground surveys, a comprehensive inventory of vernacular settlements, traditional water systems, and historic cultural remains was compiled. The Bamiyan Cultural Masterplan has been elaborated as a zoning proposal to support future planning processes in Bamiyan. A GIS System has been set up to manage planning and monitoring activities in the future. The current condition of the archaeological remains of Bamiyan has been documented with different remote sensing and high precision 3D documentation methods. Within cultural heritage management, Virtual Reality technologies are an innovative approach for documentation and presentation of complex architectural objects, especially in landscape settings. The project includes a digital reconstruction of the destroyed Small Buddha (38 m) Figure of Bamiyan integrated into the high-resolution 3D model of the niche and the cliff. The composite model of previous and actual conditions serves as a communication and planning tool for future consolidation for experts and the interested public.
  • Publication
    An agricultural data platform iStar model
    ( 2020)
    Braun, S.
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    Koren, I.
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    Dyck, M. van
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    Organizations increasingly rely on external data and service exchange within business networks in order to fuel their analytics and artificial intelligence needs. In Industry 4.0 practices, new ecosystems have evolved, where data and service provisioning often happens within dedicated platforms. Hereby, the challenge lies in ensuring the data sovereignty of enterprises in terms of self-determination with regard to the use of their data. While conceptual modeling of these platforms inhabits a large number of opportunities, for instance, including automated generation of access policies, research in this area is scarce. To this end, we propose a bottom-up approach using the iStar 2.0 modeling language. In this paper, we first introduce a model describing the market participants of a data and service exchange platform in the realm of smart farming. We then generalize and provide a formalization of relevant aspects in a broader context. The resulting models serve both as a basis for discussion on the requirements analysis level and as fundamental groundwork for further value generation in the area of data sovereignty in complex cross-organizational settings.
  • Publication
    Eve: A Sketch-based Software Prototyping Workbench
    ( 2019)
    Suleri, S.
    ;
    Pandian, V.P.S.
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    Shishkovets, S.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    Prototyping involves the evolution of an idea into various stages of design until it reaches a certain level of maturity. These design stages include low, medium and high fidelity prototypes. Workload analysis of prototyping using NASA-TLX showed an increase in workload specifically in frustration, temporal demand, effort, and decline in performance as the participants progressed from low to high fidelity. Upon reviewing numerous commercial and academic tools that directly or indirectly support software prototyping in one aspect or another, we identified a need for a comprehensive solution to support the entire software prototyping process. In this paper, we introduce Eve, a prototyping workbench that enables the users to sketch their concept as low fidelity prototype. It generates the consequent medium and high fidelity prototypes by means of UI element detection and code generation. We evaluated Eve using SUS with 15 UI/UX designers; the results depict good usability and high learnability (Usability score: 78.5). In future, we aim to study the impact of Eve on subjective workload experienced by users during software prototyping.
  • Publication
    UI design pattern-driven rapid prototyping for agile development of mobile applications
    ( 2019)
    Suleri, S.
    ;
    Kipi, N.
    ;
    Tran, L.C.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    In agile development, lean UX designers perform rapid prototyping and quick evaluation of prototypes to ensure fast releases. To understand designers' workflow during rapid prototyping, we interviewed 15 lean UX designers. We identified the following pain points in the workflow: 1) Compromise on quality of UI design due to time constraint 2) UI design knowledge being scattered among numerous sources such as websites and books 3) Inability of developers to reproduce the same quality of UI design due to lack of UI design knowledge. To address these issues, we propose a UI design pattern-driven approach for rapid prototyping. To realize this approach, we introduce Kiwi, a library for UI design patterns and guidelines that aims to consolidate UI design knowledge for mobile applications. Each UI design pattern consists of a problem statement, context, rationale, and a proposed solution. Additionally, Kiwi provides downloadable and customizable GUI examples, layout blueprints and front-end code for each pattern. Usability evaluation (SUS) of Kiwi with 21 lean UX designers depict good usability and high learnability.
  • Publication
    Goal-oriented modelling of relations and dependencies in data marketplaces
    ( 2018)
    Chakrabarti, A.
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    Quix, C.
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    Geisler, S.
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    Pullmann, J.
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    Khromov, A.
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    Jarke, M.
    Data exchange between companies is becoming more important in a digitized economy. Business models are created for providing, enriching, or using big data in various domains. Although there are some success stories in this area, companies are still struggling to define goals and strategies for a successful participation in a data marketplace. Especially, companies from classical business domains such as automotive, mechanical engineering, or life sciences could benefit from a secure and trusted data exchange as it supports data-driven business processes. In this paper, we model goals and strategic relationships of actors of a data marketplace using i. The model can be used as a blueprint by a company to identify their strategy and to determine the objectives to establish a successful data-driven business. We also presented the model for our case study from the medical domain.
  • Publication
    View-based near real-time collaborative modeling for information systems engineering
    ( 2016)
    Nicolaescu, P.
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    Rosenstengel, M.
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    Derntl, M.
    ;
    Klamma, R.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    Conceptual modeling is a creative, social process that is driven by the views of involved stakeholders. However, few systems offer view-based conceptual modeling on the Web using lock-free synchronous collaborative editing mechanisms. Based on a (meta-)modeling framework that supports near real-time collaborative modeling and metamodeling in the Web browser, this paper proposes an exploratory approach for collaboratively defining views and viewpoints on conceptual models. Viewpoints are defined on the metamodeling layer and instantiated as views within a model editor instance. The approach was successfully used for various conceptual modeling languages and it is based on user requirements for model-based creation and generation of nextgeneration community applications. An end-user evaluation showed the usefulness, usability and limitations of view-based collaborative modeling.
  • Publication
    Digital Transformation Within the Emobility Market
    ( 2016)
    Pfeiffer, A.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    This paper presents a generic classification of digital artifact integration in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and resulting possibilities for emobility service provider (EMSP) to develop business models. Additionally, the results strongly support the assumption that EMSP value creation, capturing and business model sustainability are highly reliant on the grade of digitalization within the business model. The paper provides background and deeper insights into digitization and digitalization in the field of emobility. Furthermore, it shows the applicability of the ""Layered Modular Architecture"" (LMA) in business modeling as an instrument for the identification of digital technology enhanced value propositions. Finally, LMA and Service-oriented Architecture (SOA)-concept are proposed to enhance business modeling in digitally transforming ecosystems.
  • Publication
    A longitudinal study of community-oriented open source software development
    ( 2016)
    Neulinger, K.
    ;
    Hannemann, A.
    ;
    Klamma, R.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    End-users are often argued to be the source of innovation in Open Source Software (OSS). However, most of the existing empirical studies about OSS projects have been restricted to developer subcommunities only. In this paper, we address the question, if and under which conditions the requirements and ideas from end-users indeed influence the development processes in OSS. We present an approach for automated requirements elicitation process discovery in OSS communities. The empirical basis are three large-scale interdisciplinary OSS projects in bioinformatics, focusing on communication in the mailing lists and source code histories over ten years. Our study results in preliminary guidelines for the organization of community-oriented software development.
  • Publication
    Message from the chairs
    ( 2014)
    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Mylopoulos, J.
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    Quix, C.
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    Rolland, C.
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    Manolopoulos, Y.
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    Mouratidis, H.
    ;
    Horkoff, J.
  • Publication
    IoT Link: An Internet of Things Prototyping Toolkit
    ( 2014)
    Pramudianto, F.
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    Kamienski, C.A.
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    Souto, E.
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    Borelli, F.
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    Gomes, L.L.
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    Sadok, D.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    The Internet of Things (IoT) application development is a complex task that requires a wide range of expertise. Currently, the IoT community lacks a development toolkit that enables inexperienced developers to develop IoT prototypes rapidly. Filling this gap, we propose a development toolkit based on a model-driven approach, called IoT Link. IoT Link allows inexperienced developers to compose mash up applications through a graphical domain-specific language that can be easily configured and wired together to create an IoT application. Through visual components, IoT Link encapsulates the complexity of communicating with devices and services on the internet and abstracts them as virtual objects that are accessible through different communication technologies. Consequently, it solves interoperability between heterogeneous IoT components. Based on the visual model, IoT Link is able to generate a complete Java project including an extendable Java code. In a controlled experiment, IoT Link was 42% faster than using a Java library and able to outperform the Java library's user satisfactions.