Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    A retrospective on Telos as a metamodeling language for requirements engineering
    ( 2021)
    Koubarakis, M.
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    Borgida, A.
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    Constantopoulos, P.
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    Doerr, M.
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    Jarke, M.
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    Jeusfeld, M.A.
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    Mylpoulos, J.
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    Plexousakis, D.
    Telos is a conceptual modeling language intended to capture software knowledge, such as software system requirements, domain knowledge, architectures, design decisions and more. To accomplish this, Telos was designed to be extensible in the sense that the concepts used to capture software knowledge can be defined in the language itself, instead of being built-in. This extensibility is accomplished through powerful metamodeling features, which proved very useful for interrelating heterogeneous models from requirements, model-driven software engineering, data integration, ontology engineering, cultural informatics and education. We trace the evolution of ideas and research results in the Telos project from its origins in the late eighties. Our account looks at the semantics of Telos, its various implementations and its applications. We also recount related research by other groups and the cross-influences of ideas thereof. We conclude with lessons learnt.
  • Publication
    Review of commercial and open technologies available for Industrial Internet of Things
    ( 2021)
    Schuh, G.
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    Jarke, M.
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    Gützlaff, A.
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    Koren, I.
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    Janke, T.
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    Neumann, H.
    The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the vision of a ubiquitous computing environment, where connected devices exchange information with an unpreceded amount of counterparts. With many prospective applications in the field of production, where real-time process information is a crucial factor for successful operations, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has seen a significant rise in demand. Despite the great momentum of these new technologies, there is still no common understanding of a complete IIoT landscape. To address the challenge of the differences in scope and function of IIoT components, this chapter offers a guideline for setting IIoT technologies into context with a framework that allows defining the benefit and the area of application. To also take the advantages of the implementation of an IIoT system into account, this chapter considers the impact distinctive features and technologies forming an IIoT system have.
  • Publication
    Cultural Master Plan Bamiyan (Afghanistan) - A Process Model for the Management of Cultural Landscapes Based on Remote-Sensing Data
    ( 2021)
    Toubekis, G.
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    Jansen, M.
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    Jarke, M.
    The Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2003. An international safeguarding campaign is active for its preservation, including the remains of the Buddha figures destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. Efforts are underway to set up an effective management system for the historical areas within a wider landscape approach balancing conflicting uses and demands. Based on detailed high-resolution satellite imagery and accompanying ground surveys, a comprehensive inventory of vernacular settlements, traditional water systems, and historic cultural remains was compiled. The Bamiyan Cultural Masterplan has been elaborated as a zoning proposal to support future planning processes in Bamiyan. A GIS System has been set up to manage planning and monitoring activities in the future. The current condition of the archaeological remains of Bamiyan has been documented with different remote sensing and high precision 3D documentation methods. Within cultural heritage management, Virtual Reality technologies are an innovative approach for documentation and presentation of complex architectural objects, especially in landscape settings. The project includes a digital reconstruction of the destroyed Small Buddha (38 m) Figure of Bamiyan integrated into the high-resolution 3D model of the niche and the cliff. The composite model of previous and actual conditions serves as a communication and planning tool for future consolidation for experts and the interested public.
  • Publication
    An agricultural data platform iStar model
    ( 2020)
    Braun, S.
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    Koren, I.
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    Dyck, M. van
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    Jarke, M.
    Organizations increasingly rely on external data and service exchange within business networks in order to fuel their analytics and artificial intelligence needs. In Industry 4.0 practices, new ecosystems have evolved, where data and service provisioning often happens within dedicated platforms. Hereby, the challenge lies in ensuring the data sovereignty of enterprises in terms of self-determination with regard to the use of their data. While conceptual modeling of these platforms inhabits a large number of opportunities, for instance, including automated generation of access policies, research in this area is scarce. To this end, we propose a bottom-up approach using the iStar 2.0 modeling language. In this paper, we first introduce a model describing the market participants of a data and service exchange platform in the realm of smart farming. We then generalize and provide a formalization of relevant aspects in a broader context. The resulting models serve both as a basis for discussion on the requirements analysis level and as fundamental groundwork for further value generation in the area of data sovereignty in complex cross-organizational settings.
  • Publication
    Eve: A Sketch-based Software Prototyping Workbench
    ( 2019)
    Suleri, S.
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    Pandian, V.P.S.
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    Shishkovets, S.
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    Jarke, M.
    Prototyping involves the evolution of an idea into various stages of design until it reaches a certain level of maturity. These design stages include low, medium and high fidelity prototypes. Workload analysis of prototyping using NASA-TLX showed an increase in workload specifically in frustration, temporal demand, effort, and decline in performance as the participants progressed from low to high fidelity. Upon reviewing numerous commercial and academic tools that directly or indirectly support software prototyping in one aspect or another, we identified a need for a comprehensive solution to support the entire software prototyping process. In this paper, we introduce Eve, a prototyping workbench that enables the users to sketch their concept as low fidelity prototype. It generates the consequent medium and high fidelity prototypes by means of UI element detection and code generation. We evaluated Eve using SUS with 15 UI/UX designers; the results depict good usability and high learnability (Usability score: 78.5). In future, we aim to study the impact of Eve on subjective workload experienced by users during software prototyping.
  • Publication
    UI design pattern-driven rapid prototyping for agile development of mobile applications
    ( 2019)
    Suleri, S.
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    Kipi, N.
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    Tran, L.C.
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    Jarke, M.
    In agile development, lean UX designers perform rapid prototyping and quick evaluation of prototypes to ensure fast releases. To understand designers' workflow during rapid prototyping, we interviewed 15 lean UX designers. We identified the following pain points in the workflow: 1) Compromise on quality of UI design due to time constraint 2) UI design knowledge being scattered among numerous sources such as websites and books 3) Inability of developers to reproduce the same quality of UI design due to lack of UI design knowledge. To address these issues, we propose a UI design pattern-driven approach for rapid prototyping. To realize this approach, we introduce Kiwi, a library for UI design patterns and guidelines that aims to consolidate UI design knowledge for mobile applications. Each UI design pattern consists of a problem statement, context, rationale, and a proposed solution. Additionally, Kiwi provides downloadable and customizable GUI examples, layout blueprints and front-end code for each pattern. Usability evaluation (SUS) of Kiwi with 21 lean UX designers depict good usability and high learnability.
  • Publication
    Goal-oriented modelling of relations and dependencies in data marketplaces
    ( 2018)
    Chakrabarti, A.
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    Quix, C.
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    Geisler, S.
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    Pullmann, J.
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    Khromov, A.
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    Jarke, M.
    Data exchange between companies is becoming more important in a digitized economy. Business models are created for providing, enriching, or using big data in various domains. Although there are some success stories in this area, companies are still struggling to define goals and strategies for a successful participation in a data marketplace. Especially, companies from classical business domains such as automotive, mechanical engineering, or life sciences could benefit from a secure and trusted data exchange as it supports data-driven business processes. In this paper, we model goals and strategic relationships of actors of a data marketplace using i. The model can be used as a blueprint by a company to identify their strategy and to determine the objectives to establish a successful data-driven business. We also presented the model for our case study from the medical domain.
  • Publication
    Near real-time collaborative modeling for view-based Web information systems engineering
    ( 2018)
    Nicolaescu, P.
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    Rosenstengel, M.
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    Derntl, M.
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    Klamma, R.
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    Jarke, M.
    Conceptual modeling is a creative, social process driven by the views of stakeholders. In modern, agile development - especially for continuously evolving Web applications - contributions from a wide variety of geographically distributed stakeholders, their involvement in negotiation and impact analysis from different perspectives and the rapid prototype generation from specifications gain much importance. Moreover, people have come to expect easy near real-time system support with few restrictions. While conceptual modeling or CSCW environments exist for each of these individual aspects, their interplay has barely been studied. This paper presents a collaborative conceptual modeling approach called SyncMeta that aims to close this gap by supporting view-based modeling in the Web browser in a near real-time shared editing environment1. In addition to domain-specific graphical modeling languages, viewpoints can be collaboratively defined on the meta-modeling layer and instantiated as views within a model editor instance. Besides this formal structure, we also discuss the choice of algorithms for locking-free shared model editing and of highly scalable team size. In addition to this kind of technical evaluation, the paper also presents several medium-scale user studies that have accompanied the iterative SyncMeta development. These studies investigated both the requirements (quality advantages and user acceptance of the view-based approach, near real-time support) and important design options such as centralized vs. peer-to-peer viewpoint resolution. A fully functional SyncMeta software framework which incorporates most of these results, is available in the GitHub open source repository. We expect this line of work to pave the way for methodologies and tools for socially engineered Web information systems.
  • Publication
    Blockchain Engineering
    ( 2017)
    Andoulaki, E.
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    Jarke, M.
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    Quisquater, J.-J.
  • Publication