Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik FIT

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  • Publication
    Causal vs. effectual behavior- support for entrepreneurs
    ( 2011)
    Schlüter, J.
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    Schmitz, D.
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    Brettel, M.
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    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Klamma, R.
    "Effectuation" is a new approach to explain the success or failure of entrepreneurs. In contrast to the traditional "causation" approach the entrepreneur is not considered to be driven by a concrete goal and to choose between different alternatives in regard to how well they help to achieve this goal. Instead the entrepreneur evaluates the alternatives, in particular the choice of strategic partners, in regard to their potential for future success. The goals are adapted to the choices and in particular the needs of the strategic partners. Agent-based simulations are intended to help identifying the settings where one approach is more appropriate than the other.
  • Publication
    Relating domain model based requirements management and situational method engineering
    ( 2010)
    Schmitz, D.
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    Nissen, H.W.
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    Jarke, M.
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    Rose, T.
    In this paper we revisit our earlier proposed domain model based approach to requirements management from a situational method engineering perspective. The approach has originally been developed dedicatedly for a small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in the field of control system development. Broadening the perspective by considering situational method engineering helps to generalize the approach to support any kind of flexible and customer-oriented enterprise that works in highly innovative fields. The investigation has opened up our method for new strategies to make domain model choices and to tailor the requirements-based search for similar projects. Furthermore, the feedback loop that we provide to adapt domain models according to the concrete experiences of an SME within recent projects raises an issue that possibly applies to knowledge management in situational method engineering in general.
  • Publication
    Requirements engineering for control systems
    ( 2010)
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Nissen, H.W.
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    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Rose, T.
  • Publication
    Modelling actor evolution in agent-based simulations
    ( 2009)
    Roesli, A.
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    Schmitz, D.
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    Lakemeyer, G.
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    Jarke, M.
    Agent-based simulations have proven to be suitable to investigate many kinds of problems, especially in the field of social science. But to provide useful insights, the behaviour of the involved, simulated actors needs to reflect relevant features of the real world. In this paper, we address one particular aspect in this regard, namely the correct reflection of an actor's evolution during a simulation. Very often some knowledge exists about how an actor can evolve, for example, the typical development stages of entrepreneurs when investigating entrepreneurship networks. We propose to model this knowledge explicitly using evolution links between roles enriched with suitable conditions and extend i*, an agent- and goal-oriented modelling framework, thereby. We provide a mapping to the simulation environment ConGolog that serves as an intermediary approach between not providing change of behaviour at all and very open approaches to behaviour adaptation such as learning.
  • Publication
    Evolution in domain model based requirements engineering for control systems development
    ( 2009)
    Nissen, H.W.
    ;
    Schmitz, D.
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    Jarke, M.
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    Rose, T.
    ;
    Drews, P.
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    Heßeler, F.J.
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    Reke, M.
  • Publication
    How to keep domain requirements models reasonably sized
    ( 2009)
    Nissen, H.
    ;
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Rose, T.
    A domain model based requirements engineering approach has proven to be helpful when developing softwareintensive, embedded control systems. A typical characteristic of this domain is the high volatility of ideas resulting in frequent innovations. Thus, aside from evolution from external research, the innovative projects at small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) are the main sources for suitable domain model changes. In this paper we describe how changes (reductions and extensions) to the domain model can be derived from experiences with finalised projects at an SME. The overall goal is to make the domain model most valuable by keeping it at a reasonable size: neither too big nor too small. Unnecessary ballast will be removed and frequently modelled extensions will be added. We outline corresponding tool support but emphasise that the engineer still must remain in the loop.
  • Publication
    Mapping requirement models to mathematical models in control system development
    ( 2009)
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Zhang, M.
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    Rose, T.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Polzer, A.
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    Palczynski, J.
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    Kowalewski, S.
    ;
    Reke, M.
  • Publication
    Configuration management for realtime simulation software
    ( 2009)
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Deng, W.
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    Rose, T.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    Realtime simulation software is required for the rapid and efficient development of complex embedded software systems such as engine controllers, especially to avoid expensive tests with the real hardware. But as any other software, Realtime simulation software also needs to be developed and maintained. In this paper, we analyse the special requirements of realtime simulation software in regard to configuration management, discuss existing ideas and solutions in this research field, and propose a componentand change-based software configuration management approach as a first step for dedicated configuration management support.
  • Publication
    Comparing three formal analysis approaches of the Tropos family
    ( 2008)
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Lakemeyer, G.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    Tropos is a software development methodology founded on concepts used to model early requirements, the i* framework. In addition to a methodological framework, research addresses also formal analysis support. In previous work, we proposed the prototype environment SNet based on the Trust-Confidence-Distrust (TCD) approach for the representation and dynamic evaluation of agent-based designs for inter-organizational networks. There are two major ingredients: i* for modeling the domain statically and ConGolog for analysing it dynamically via simulations. In this paper, we compare our approach with two other approaches that enrich i*/Tropos models to allow for more formal analyses, Formal Tropos and Secure Tropos. While the intended use of these is quite different from SNet, there are a number of commonalities, which will be highlighted as well as the differences that suggest a combined use, including complementary forms of analysis such as model checking versus simulation.
  • Publication
    Telos: Representing knowledge about control systems?
    ( 2008)
    Schmitz, D.
    ;
    Nissen, H.W.
    ;
    Jarke, M.
    ;
    Rose, T.
    Telos is a formal knowledge representation language designed for the development of information systems. It has been successfully applied in many different software development projects. Although the development of control systems also includes software development, it constitutes a completely different application domain. An in-depth analysis of the development process results in a set of key characteristics of this domain. Based on this set we investigate in this paper whether the features of Telos and its implementation ConceptBase are also valuable to support the development of control systems. We first review the existing application of the Telos-based, agent- and goal-oriented language i* to requirements modelling for control systems. Then we examine carefully each single feature of Telos and ConceptBase regarding the support of the identified key characteristics. This investigation shows that nearly all characteristics are well supported and only very few require further enhancements of Telos and ConceptBase.