Fraunhofer-Institut für Atmosphärische Umweltforschung IFU

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Stratosphaerische Eruptionswolken des Vulkans El Chichon ueber Mitteleuropa

1983 , Jaeger, H. , Funk, W. , Carnuth, W. , Reiter, R.

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Balance of the tropospheric ozone and its relation to stratospheric intrusions indicated by cosmogenic radionuclides. Technical Progress Report. Agreement No.DEACO2-76-EVO3425

1982 , Reiter, R. , Kanter, H.-J. , Jaeger, H. , Munzert, K. , Sladkovic, R.

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The stratospheric aerosol increase in February and March 1982

1982 , Jaeger, H. , Funk, W. , Carnuth, W. , Reiter, R.

An aerosol increase in the lower stratosphere was observed by ground-based lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen early in 1982. The source of this aerosol cloud was most probably an unobserved volcanic eruption. Three orbits of the cloud were observed during February and March. The data are consistent with an eruption which probably took place in the first half of January in central Africa or in the general region of the North Pacific Ocean. (IFU)

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The El Chichon cloud over central Europe, observed by lidar at Garmisch-Partenkirchen during 1982

1983 , Reiter, R. , Jaeger, H. , Funk, W. , Carnuth, W.

The transport to northern midlatitudes of stratospheric aerosol layers originating from the 4 April 1982 explosive eruption of the Mexican volcano El Chichon took place in three phases: Appearance of a stable low altitude aerosol layer (tropopause to 20 km) in May, observable until October; appearance of a second, rather variable, high altitude layer (above 20 km) in June, observable until October; formation of a broad layer in October, extending from the tropopause to 30 km, and a subsequent steady increase of the aerosol loading until the end of 1982. Observed lidar backscattering profiles have been converted to optical depth and column mass values. Respective December 1982 averages of 0.13 at 550 nm and 0,04 g m E-2 have been derived. (IFU)

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A stratospheric aerosol increase during 1981, observed by lidar over Mid-Europe

1982 , Jaeger, H. , Funk, W. , Carnuth, W. , Reiter, R.

After the middle of May 1981 lidar observations at Garmisch-Partenkirchen recorded a marked enhancement of the aerosol backscattering from the lower stratosphere. Until the end of July several distinct aerosol layers could be detected which thereafter merged into a broad homogeneous layer. The eruption of volcano Alaid, Kurile Islands, on 28 April is suggested as the source of this recent stratospheric aerosol increase. This aerosol disturbance is of about the same magnitude as that caused by Mount St. Helens in May 1980. Significant climatic effects are not predicted. (IFU)

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Balance of the tropospheric ozone and its relation to stratospheric intrusions indicated by cosmogenic radionuclides

1981 , Reiter, R. , Kanter, H.-J. , Sladkovic, R. , Jaeger, H. , Munzert, K.

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The effect of the Mt.St.Helens eruption on tropospheric and stratospheric ions

1982 , Kondo, Y. , Reiter, R. , Jaeger, H. , Takagi, M.

Balloon-borne observations of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were performed using conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. West Germany, from June to November, 1980, after the Mt St. Helens eruption. A significant decrease of atmospheric in the altitudes from the troposphere to lower stratosphere has been detected until several months after the eruption in comparison with the observational results obtained before the eruption. Simultaneous ruby lidar observation a month after the eruption indicates an increased amount of aerosol at nearly the same altitude as that of conductivity decrease. Several months after the eruption it appears that aerosols detected by lidar and those effective in reducing ion concentration have different profiles. (IFU)

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Stratospheric aerosol inferred from electrical conductivity during a volcanically quiescent period

1982 , Kondo, Y. , Reiter, R. , Jaeger, H. , Takagi, M.

Profiles of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were measured by balloon-borne conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from January to May, 1980, when volcanic activity was low. The aerosol concentration has been deduced from the relative decrease of conductivity from surrounding values by assuming the effective attachment coefficient of ions to aerosols. A prominent decrease of the conductivity near the tropopause is usually observed indicating high concentrations of Aitken particles (500-1000 cm E-3). A decrease of conductivity, well above the tropopause, is sometimes observed, probably due to the transport of tropospheric Aitken particles with high concentration (200-400 cm E-3) into the stratosphere. (IFU)

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