Fraunhofer-Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration IZM

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  • Publication
    Sensor Systems for Extremely Harsh Environments
    ( 2023-10-31)
    Kappert, Holger
    ;
    Schopferer, Sebastian
    ;
    Saeidi, Nooshin
    ;
    Döring, Ralf
    ;
    Ziesche, Steffen
    ;
    Olowinsky, Alexander
    ;
    Naumann, Falk
    ;
    Jägle, Martin
    ;
    Spanier, Malte
    ;
    Grabmaier, Anton
    Sensors are key elements for capturing environmental properties and are today indispensable in the industry for monitoring and control of industrial processes. Many applications are demanding for highly integrated intelligent sensors to meet the requirements on safety, clean and energy efficient operation or to gain process information in the context of industry 4.0. While in many everyday objects highly integrated sensor systems are already state of the art, the situation in an industrial environment is clearly different. Frequently the use of sensor systems is impossible, due to the fact that the extreme ambient conditions of industrial processes like high operating temperatures or strong mechanical loads do not allow a reliable operation of sensitive electronic components. Eight Fraunhofer Institutes have bundled their competencies and have run the Fraunhofer Lighthouse Project ‘eHarsh’ to overcome this situation. The project goal was to realize sensor systems for extremely harsh environments, whereby sensor systems are not only pure sensor elements, rather containing one or multiple sensor elements and integrated readout electronics. Various technologies which are necessary for the realization of such sensor systems have been identified, developed and finally bundled in a technology platform. These technologies are e. g. MEMS and ceramic based sensors, SOI-CMOS based integrated electronics, board assembly and laser based joining technologies. All these developments have been accompanied by comprehensive tests, material characterization and reliability simulations. Based on the platform a pressure sensor for turbine applications has been realized to prove the performance of the eHarsh technology platform.
  • Publication
    Cu-Cu Thermocompression Bonding with a Self-Assembled Monolayer as Oxidation Protection for 3D/2.5D System Integration
    ( 2023)
    Lykova, Maria
    ;
    Panchenko, Juliana
    ;
    Schneider-Ramelow, Martin
    ;
    Suga, T.
    ;
    Mu, F.
    ;
    Buschbeck, R.
    Cu-Cu direct interconnects are highly desirable for the microelectronic industry as they allow for significant reductions in the size and spacing of microcontacts. The main challenge associated with using Cu is its tendency to rapidly oxidize in air. This research paper describes a method of Cu passivation using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to protect the surface against oxidation. However, this approach faces two main challenges: the degradation of the SAM at room temperature in the ambient atmosphere and the monolayer desorption technique prior to Cu-Cu bonding. In this paper, the systematic investigation of these challenges and their possible solutions are presented. The methods used in this study include thermocompression (TC) bonding, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), shear strength testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results indicate nearly no Cu oxidation (4 at.%) for samples with SAM passivation in contrast to the bare Cu surface (27 at.%) after the storage at −18 °C in a conventional freezer for three weeks. Significant improvement was observed in the TC bonding with SAM after storage. The mean shear strength of the passivated samples reached 65.5 MPa without storage. The average shear strength values before and after the storage tests were 43% greater for samples with SAM than for the bare Cu surface. In conclusion, this study shows that Cu-Cu bonding technology can be improved by using SAM as an oxidation inhibitor, leading to a higher interconnect quality.
  • Publication
    Sensor Systems for Extremely Harsh Environments
    ( 2022-10-01)
    Kappert, Holger
    ;
    Schopferer, Sebastian
    ;
    Saeidi, Nooshin
    ;
    Döring, Ralf
    ;
    Ziesche, Steffen
    ;
    Olowinsky, Alexander
    ;
    Naumann, Falk
    ;
    Jägle, Martin
    ;
    Spanier, Malte
    ;
    Grabmaier, Anton
    Sensors are key elements for capturing environmental properties and are today indispensable in the industry for monitoring and control of industrial processes. Many applications are demanding for highly integrated intelligent sensors to meet the requirements on safety, clean, and energy-efficient operation, or to gain process information in the context of industry 4.0. While in many everyday objects highly integrated sensor systems are already state of the art, the situation in an industrial environment is clearly different. Frequently, the use of sensor systems is impossible due to the fact that the extreme ambient conditions of industrial processes like high operating temperatures or strong mechanical loads do not allow a reliable operation of sensitive electronic components. Eight Fraunhofer Institutes have bundled their competencies and have run the Fraunhofer Lighthouse Project “eHarsh” to overcome this situation. The project goal was to realize sensor systems for extremely harsh environments, whereby sensor systems are more than pure sensors, rather these are containing one or multiple sensing elements and integrated readout electronics. Various technologies, which are necessary for the realization of such sensor systems, have been identified, developed, and finally bundled in a technology platform. These technologies are, e.g., MEMS and ceramic-based sensors, SOI-CMOS-based integrated electronics, board assembly and laser-based joining technologies. All these developments have been accompanied by comprehensive tests, material characterization, and reliability simulations. Based on the platform, a pressure sensor for turbine applications has been realized to prove the performance of the eHarsh technology platform.