Fraunhofer-Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration IZM

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  • Publication
    Nicht-invasives Rehabilitationssystem für irreparable Nervenschädigungen im Handgelenksbereich
    ( 2019)
    Bücheler, L.
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    Hillmer, I.
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    Reimer, V.
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    Jiang, Y.
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    Angelmahr, M.
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    Schade, W.
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    Krshiwoblozki, M. von
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    Pawlikowski, J.
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    Garbacz, K.
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    Stagun, L.
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    Fischer, M.
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    Guttowski, S.
    In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse des gemeinsamen Projektes des Start-Ups Ghost-Feel it mit der der Forschungsfabrik Mikroelektronik Deutschland (FMD) im Rahmen des Gründermoduls FMD-Space vorgestellt. Hintergrund dieser Fördermaßnahme ist es, Start-Ups einen niederschwelligen Zugang zu den hochtechnologischen Möglichkeiten der 13 Forschungsinstitute der FMD zu ermöglichen, um erste Prototypen oder Demonstratoren ihres neuartigen Produktes auf international konkurrenzfähigem technischem Niveau realisieren zu können. In dem konkreten Projekt geht es um ein Rehabilitationssystem, mit dem Patienten mit Nervenschädigungen in den Händen, nicht-invasiv eine neue Feedback Loop gegeben werden kann. Hierzu werden mit einem faseroptischen Datenhandschuh die notwendigen Informationen aufgenommen, vorverarbeitet und dann mittels eines textilen Multikanal-Vibrationsaktuatorsystems dem Patienten an einer anderen - für ihn wahrnehmbaren - Körperstelle wieder zugeführt.
  • Publication
    Highly sensitive integrated optical biosensors
    ( 2014)
    Zamora, V.
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    Lützow, P.
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    Weiland, M.
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    Pergande, D.
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    Schröder, H.
    Optical sensor systems for biological and medical applications have been widely developed in order to satisfy the current requirements such as a miniaturization, cost reduction, label-free detection and fast response. Here, we demonstrate a highly sensitive optical sensor based on two cascaded microring resonators (MRRs) exploiting the Vernier effect. The architecture consists of a filter MRR connected to a sensor MRR via a common waveguide. The external medium of the filter MRR is isolated with a top cladding layer, while the sensor MRR interacts with the analyte sample via an opening. The sensor chip, that includes an array of five cascaded MRRs, was designed and fabricated on a silicon nitride platform. A first test has been performed with sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations in deionized (DI) water providing a sensitivity of 1.03 nm/% (6317 nm/RIU). A limit of detection of 3.16 x 10-6 RIU was demonstrated for the current sensor, respectively. Several concentrations of isopropanol in ethanol ranging from 0% to 10% were also investigated. These preliminary measurements show a sensitivity as high as 0.95 nm/% at ~1535 nm compared to 0.02 nm/% from a single sensor MRR. For a moderated alignment between the chip and cleaved optical fibers, tapered grating couplers are included at the ends of waveguides. Hence, by combining the Vernier effect and the silicon nitride material, cascaded MRRs will be a powerful optical configuration for biosensing applications in a wide operating wavelength range.
  • Publication
    Packaging and assembly for integrated photonics - a review of the ePIXpack photonics packaging platform
    ( 2011)
    Zimmermann, L.
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    Preve, G.B.
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    Tekin, T.
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    Rosin, T.
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    Landles, K.
    We review recent work done by the photonics packaging platform ePIXpack that serves the academic community with packaging and assembly developments in the area of integrated photonics. The paper includes recent examples of our packaging and assembly work, covering a broad range of technologies from silicon photonics to InP-based devices.
  • Publication
    Thin film substrate technology and FC interconnection for very high frequency applications
    ( 2006)
    Töpper, M.
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    Rosin, T.
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    Fritzsch, T.
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    Jordan, R.
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    Mekonnen, G.
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    Sakkas, C.
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    Kunkel, R.
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    Scherpinski, K.
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    Schmidt, D.
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    Oppermann, H.
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    Dietrich, L.
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    Beling, A.
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    Eckhardt, T.
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    Bach, H.-G.
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    Reichl, H.
    High speed interconnections for the next generation internet or high frequency measurement systems need ultra fast photodetectors and appropriate high frequency transmission lines. A highly critical aspect for packaging these devices is the interconnection and the appropriate substrate technology. Thin Film substrates using BCB are a suitable approach due to the high accurate manufacturing technology and the possibility to use low k dielectrics. FC assembly is the best interconnection technology for this very high frequency application, and it is already proven in production. Ultra-fast InP-photodetectors (100 GHz) with CPW signal pads (GSG) had to be connected to a 1 mm RF plug via a microstrip line (MS). Flip chip bumps on InP and interconnection schemes for CPW to MS transitions were investigated. The electrical performance of these structures has been simulated and will be discussed with respect to the electrical tests done on the samples. The process compatibility of the chosen materials was verified separately and the properties adapted, if necessary. Reliability tests have been performed on test samples and will be discussed also in the paper with respect to substrate technology and to the FC assembly.
  • Publication
    Super compact optical add-drop multiplexer for FTTH applications based on low-loss polymer waveguide materials
    ( 2005)
    Keil, N.
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    Yao, H.H.
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    Zawadzki, C.
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    Beyer, F.
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    Radmer, O.
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    Bauer, M.
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    Dreyer, C.
    Four- and eight-channel arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) and fixed optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) devices with channel spacing of 1200 and 600 GHz have been fabricated using super-high refractive index contrast (Delta n=0.020) triazine containing polymers. Accordingly, the size of the four-channel AWG was only 10x3 mm and the insertion loss was 3 dB.
  • Publication
    The H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC standard: Core coding technology and recent extensions
    ( 2005)
    Marpe, D.
    This tutorial will present and discuss the main recent advances in standardized video coding technology, as being developed collaboratively by members of both the ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG organizations during the standardization of the new H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. Being designed as a generic video coding standard for a broad range of applications, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC has already received an overwhelming amount of attention from industry. Application areas are ranging from videoconferencing over mobile TV and broadcasting of standard-/high-definition TV content up to very high-quality video applications such as professional digital video recording or digital cinema / large-screen digital imagery. The first part of the tutorial is devoted to the core technology of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video coding layer, as specified in the 2003 version of the standard. We will focus on the key innovations such as given by enhanced motion-compensated prediction c apabilities, low-complexity integer transforms, content-adaptive in-loop deblocking filter, and enhanced entropy coding methods. We will then highlight the technical features of the so-called Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt) of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC addressing the specific needs of rapidly growing higher-fidelity video applications. Finally, we will provide an understanding of the basic concepts of the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extensions, as the most recent and presently ongoing work for extending the capabilities of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. We will show how the present design of those SVC extensions supports the functionalities of spatial scalability, SNR scalability, and temporal scalability as well as their combinations in a maximally-consistent fashion relative to the current syntax and decoding process of H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. This tutorial is intended for researchers, students and engineers who are interested in gaining an understanding of the recent advances in standardized video coding technology. Copyr
  • Publication
    Self-pulsating laser based all-optical clock recovery applied in 421 km field experiment for 170.6 : 42.7 Gbit/s OTDM demultiplexing
    ( 2005)
    Slovak, J.
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    Tekin, T.
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    Bornholdt, C.
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    Sartorius, B.
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    Lach, E.
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    Schmidt, M.
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    Vorbeck, S.
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    Leppla, R.
    A self-pulsating PhaseCOMB-laser is successfully applied for triggering of 170.6:42.7 Gbit/s DEMUX-circuit in 8 x 170.6 Gbit/s DWDM field experiment. An error free detection of the demultiplexed PRBS signal after 421 km transmission was achieved.
  • Publication
    Thermal characterization of an all-active microring resonating laser
    ( 2004)
    Fleischer, A.S.
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    Harnacher, M.
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    Troppenz, U.
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    John, W.
    Active microring optical devices are promising candidates for use in next generation optical signal processing and sensor products. In this design, an InP based microring laser is vertically coupled to a passive feeding waveguides using a waferbonding technology. The vertical coupling is expected to detrimentally affect the operating temperature and device performance through the low thermal conductivity of the bond material. Thus, a thermal analysis is undertaken in the design stage to better understand the implications of this fabrication process. A thermal analysis of a basic microring resonator of 50 m radius and 100 mW power dissipation is presented and thermal design variations are discussed.
  • Publication
    Recent progress in polymer based photonic devices
    ( 2004)
    Keil, N.
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    Yao, H.
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    Zawadzki, C.
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    Radmer, O.
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    Beyer, F.
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    Bauer, M.
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    Dreyer, C.
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    Schneider, J.
    Polymerbasierte Werkstoffe sind für Lichtleiter und integrierte optische Bauelemente gut geeignet, weil sie verscheidene Funktionalitäten gut erfüllen, sich leicht herstellen lassen, preiswert sind und gute Kompatibilität mit anderen Materialien zeigen. Der Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über Stand und Perspektiven dieser Entwicklung. Der Stand wird für Lichtleiterwerkstoffe mit geringen Ausbreitungsverlusten, geringer Doppelbrechung, genau einstellbarem Kontrast des Brechungsindex, hervorragender Verarbeitbarkeit sowie Stabilität gegen Umwelteinflüsse und langer Lebensdauer dargestellt. Außerdem werden aktuelle Ergebnisse bei optischen Schaltern und variablen optischen Dämpfungsgliedern, Beugungsgittern in Wellenleiter-Arrays aus Kunststoffen, Modulen und neuen Produkten im Lichtleiterbereich, rekonfigurierbaren optischen add-drop Multiplexern (OADM) und Multiplexer/Demultiplexern für mehrere Frequenzbereiche (z.B. 1270, 1330, 1470 und 1550 nm) angesprochen. Zukünftige Schwerpunkte werden in folgenden Bereichen erwartet: abstimmbare und thermisch robuste Bauelemente; neue Funktionen wie Kompensation chromatischer Dispersion, Vereinheitlichung der dynamischen Verstärkung, schnelle Modulatoren; optische Verstärker aus Kunststoffen, die mit seltenen Erden dotiert sind; Integration von Kunststoffen und mineralischen Halbleitern wie SiO2 oder InP; sehr große Integrationsdichten durch Wellenleiter mit hohem Kontrast des Brechungsindex und Mehrschichtintegration; neue Herstellverfahren mit geringeren Kosten; Materialien, die nichthermetische Kapselung erlauben und trotzdem lange leben.
  • Publication
    All-polymer arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer based on commercial low-loss polymer waveguide materials
    ( 2004)
    Keil, N.
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    Yao, H.H.
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    Zawadzki, C.
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    Beyer, F.
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    Radmer, O.
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    Bauer, M.
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    Dreyer, C.
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    Han, S.-G.
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    Lee, H.-J.
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    Kim, T.-G.
    With optical communication systems penetrating into metro and access networks, the cost reduction becomes the single important issue for deployment of WDM networks to such areas. In contrast to long-haul systems, cost reduction of components manufacture and maintenance is of vital importance. Besides the cost issue, polymers possess intrinsically attractive material properties (high thermo-optic (TO) coefficient, low thermal conductivity) leading to wide applications where TO functionality, thermal tunability, low power consumption, and temperature compensation are required. Devices such as TO switches, variable optical attenuators (VOAs), athermal and tunable arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) have been widely investigated. Being recogn ised for their different functionalities, ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with other material systems, polymers as a platform technology for waveguide and integrated-optical devices are gaining more and more commercial acceptance. 8x8 AWG wavelength routers with = 200GHz at = 1.55µm were fabricated at Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, using low-loss UV-curable polymers on different substrate materials. The polymer waveguide materials are synthesised by Zen Photonics Co., Ltd., in South Korea and are commercial available. The refractive index difference between the core and cladding layers can be tuned in a wide range. In this study, an index contrast of n = 0.011 was chosen. The waveguide loss amounts to 0.5 dB/cm at 1.55 m wavelength, and the measured crosstalk of the AWG is well below -30 dB. The insertion loss of the AWG was found to be in between 4.5dB for the centre ports and 6dB for the edge ports. The polarization and the temperature behaviours of the polymer AWGs were investigated. It was found that these behaviours are depended on the physical parameters of waveguide and substrate materials. By choosing proper combination of the material parameters, polymer-based AWGs with required temperature and/or polarization behaviour can be designed and fabricated. Details will be described in the manuscript and will be presented at the conference.