Fraunhofer-Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration IZM

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  • Publication
    XR-RF Imaging Enabled by Software-Defined Metasurfaces and Machine Learning: Foundational Vision, Technologies and Challenges
    ( 2022)
    Liaskos, Christos K.
    ;
    Tsioliaridou, Ageliki N.
    ;
    Georgopoulos, Konstantinos
    ;
    Morianos, Ioannis
    ;
    Ioannidis, Sotiris
    ;
    Salem, Iosif
    ;
    Manessis, Dionyssios
    ;
    Schmid, Stefan
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    Tyrovolas, Dimitrios
    ;
    Tegos, Sotiris A.
    ;
    Mekikis, Prodromos Vasileios
    ;
    Diamantoulakis, Panagiotis D.
    ;
    Pitilakis, Alexandros K.
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    Kantartzis, Nikolaos V.
    ;
    Karagiannidis, George K.
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    Tasolamprou, Anna C.
    ;
    Tsilipakos, Odysseas
    ;
    Kafesaki, Maria
    ;
    Akyìldìz, Ian Fuat
    ;
    Pitsillides, Andreas
    ;
    Pateraki, Maria
    ;
    Vakalellis, Michael
    ;
    Spais, Ilias
    In this work, we present a new approach to Extended Reality (XR), denoted as iCOPYWAVES, which seeks to offer naturally low-latency operation and cost effectiveness, overcoming the critical scalability issues faced by existing solutions. Specifically, iCOPYWAVES is enabled by emerging PWEs, a recently proposed technology in wireless communications. Empowered by intelligent metasurfaces, PWEs transform the wave propagation phenomenon into a software-defined process. To this end, we leverage PWEs to: i) create, and then ii) selectively copy the scattered RF wavefront of an object from one location in space to another, where a machine learning module, accelerated by FPGAs, translates it to visual input for an XR headset using PWE-driven, RF imaging principles (XR-RF). This makes an XR system whose operation is bounded in the physical-layer and, hence, has the prospects for minimal end-to-end latency. For the case of large distances, RF-to-fiber/fiber-to-RF is employed to provide intermediate connectivity. The paper provides a tutorial on the iCOPYWAVES system architecture and workflow. Finally, a proof-of-concept implementation via simulations is provided, demonstrating the reconstruction of challenging objects in iCOPYWAVES-produced computer graphics.