Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Publikations-und Informationssysteme IPSI

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Informations- und Wissensmanagement

2007 , Brocks, H. , Hofmann, T. , Kamps, T.

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Viewpoints on emergent semantics

2006 , Cudre-Mauroux, P. , Abdelmoty, A.I. , Catarei, T. , Damiani, E. , Illaramendi, A. , Jarrar, M. , Meersman, R. , Neuhold, E.J. , Parent, C. , Sattler, K.-U. , Scannapieco, M. , Spaccapietra, S. , Spyns, P. , Tre, G. de

We introduce a novel view on how to deal with the problems of semantic interoperability in distributed systems. This view is based on the concept of emergent semantics, which sees both the representation of semantics and the discovery of the proper interpretation of symbols as the result of a self-organizing process performed by distributed agents exchanging symbols and having utilities dependent on the proper interpretation of the symbols. This is a complex systems perspective on the problem of dealing with semantics. We highlight some of the distinctive features of our vision and point out preliminary examples of its application.

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An overview on automatic capacity planning

2005 , Risse, T.

The performance requirement for the transformation of messages within electronic business processes is our motivation to investigate in automatic capacity planning methods. Performance typically means the throughput and response time of a system. Finding a configuration of a distributed system satisfying performance goals is a complex search problem that involves many design parameters, like hardware selection, job distribution and process configuration. Performance models are a powerful tool to analyse potential system configurations, however, their evaluation is expensive, such that only a limited number of possible configurations can be evaluated. In this paper we give an overview of our automatic system design method and discuss the arising problems to achieve the performance during the runtime of the systems. Furthermore we make a discussion on the impact of our strategy on the current trends in distributed systems.

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From human-computer interaction to human-artefact interaction: Interaction design for smart environments

2005 , Streitz, N.A.

The introduction of computer technology caused a shift away from real objects as sources of information towards desktop computers as the interfaces to information now (re)presented in a digital for-mat. In this paper, I will argue for returning to the real world as the starting point for designing information and communication environments. Our approach is to design environments that exploit the affordances of real world objects and at the same time use the potential of computer-based support. Thus, we move from human-computer interaction to human-artefact interaction. Combining the best of both worlds requires an integration of real and virtual worlds resulting in hybrid worlds. The approach will be demonstrated by sample prototypes we have built as, e.g., the Roomware (R) components and smart artefacts that were developed in the project "Ambient Agoras: Dynamic Information Clouds in a Hybrid World" which was part of the EU-ftinded proactive initiative "The Disappearing Computer"(DC).

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Smart artefacts as affordances for awareness in distributed teams

2007 , Streitz, N. , Prante, T. , Röcker, C. , Alphen, D. van , Stenzel, R. , Magerkurth, C. , Lahlou, S. , Nosulenko, V. , Jegou, F. , Sonder, F. , Plewe, D.

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Secure production of digital media

2005 , Steinebach, M.C. , Dittmann, J.

Today more and more media data is produced completely in the digital domain without the need of analogue input. This brings an increase of flexibility and efficiency in media handling, as distributed access, duplication and modification are possible without the need to move or touch physical data carriers. But this also reduces the security of the process: Without physical originals to refer to, changes in the material can remain unnoticed, at the end making the manipulated data the new original. Theft and illegal copies in the digital domain can happen without notice and loss of quality. We therefore see the need of setting up secure media production environments, where access control, integrity and copyright protection as well as traceability of individual copies are enabled. Addressing this need, we design a framework for media production environments, where mechanisms like encryption, digital signatures and digital watermarking help to enable a flexible yet secure handling and processing of the content.

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Das verschüttete Pompeji der Fachinformation

2005 , Ockenfeld, M.

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Unsupervised duplicate detection using sample non-duplicates

2006 , Lehti, P. , Fankhauser, P.

The problem of identifying objects in databases that refer to the same real world entity, is known, among others, as duplicate detection or record linkage. Objects may be duplicates, even though they are not identical due to errors and missing data. Typical current methods require deep understanding of the application domain or a good representative training set, which entails significant costs. In this paper we present an unsupervised, domain independent approach to duplicate detection that starts with a broad alignment of potential duplicates, and analyses the distribution of observed similarity values among these potential duplicates and among representative sample non-duplicates to improve the initial alignment. Additionally, the presented approach is not only able to align flat records, but makes also use of related objects, which may significantly increase the alignment accuracy. Evaluations show that our approach supersedes other unsupervised approaches and reaches almost the same accuracy as even fully supervised, domain dependent approaches.

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Towards supporting annotation for existing web pages enabling hyperstructure-based searching

2005 , Qiu, Z. , Hemmje, M.

This paper discusses the requirements and tasks in annotating existing Web pages with additional structural and semantic information. It suggests annotating existing Web pages with the concepts of a domain model, and annotating the links between the Web pages with the relations between these concepts. It also suggests explicitly representing high-level hypermedia structures, so-called hypertext composites and contexts, and annotating the corresponding composite and context pages with such structures. RDF and RDF Schema are adopted to represent the domain models and the resulting annotations. The architecture of a prototype annotation tool is outlined and corresponding requirements for automatic annotation support are discussed.

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Data communication between the german NBC reconnaissance vehicle and its control center unit

2005 , Meissner, A. , Schönfeld, W.

In Germany, the public safety system is largely organized by the German Federal States, which operate, among other equipment, a fleet of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicles (NBC RVs) to take measurements in contaminated areas. Currently, NBC RV staff verbally report measured data to a Control Center Unit (CCU) over the assigned Public Safety Organization (PSO) analog voice radio channel. This procedure has several disadvantages. The channel is not secure and its capacity is wasted, which places a limit on the achievable throughput and thus on the number of NBC RVs that can be operational simultaneously, Also, while data is being reported, other PSO members are blocked from sending, and operating personnel is distracted from other work. To overcome these problems, we propose a heterogeneous and flexible communication platforrn that complies with reliability and coverage requirements for PSO. More specifically, our proposed system is designed to replace current ways of communicating between NBC RVs and the CCU. A drastically higher amount of data can then be transmitted to the CCU, and it can be processed in a much more effective manner in the CCU as well as in cooperating PSO units. Ultimately, this will improve NBC RV missions and consequently shorten PSO response time when dealing with NBC disasters.

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