Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Publikations-und Informationssysteme IPSI

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Secure production of digital media

2005 , Steinebach, M.C. , Dittmann, J.

Today more and more media data is produced completely in the digital domain without the need of analogue input. This brings an increase of flexibility and efficiency in media handling, as distributed access, duplication and modification are possible without the need to move or touch physical data carriers. But this also reduces the security of the process: Without physical originals to refer to, changes in the material can remain unnoticed, at the end making the manipulated data the new original. Theft and illegal copies in the digital domain can happen without notice and loss of quality. We therefore see the need of setting up secure media production environments, where access control, integrity and copyright protection as well as traceability of individual copies are enabled. Addressing this need, we design a framework for media production environments, where mechanisms like encryption, digital signatures and digital watermarking help to enable a flexible yet secure handling and processing of the content.

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A high-capacity block based video watermark

2004 , Thiemert, S. , Vogel, T. , Dittmann, J. , Steinebach, M.

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Digitale Audiowasserzeichen im Archivbereich - Das H2O4M Projekt

2003 , Steinebach, M. , Hauer, E. , Dittmann, J.

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Anforderungen an digitale Transaktionswasserzeichen für den Einsatz im e-Commerce

2002 , Steinebach, M. , Dittmann, J. , Neubauer, C.

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Digital signatures based on invertible watermarks for video authentication

2005 , Hauer, E. , Dittmann, J. , Steinebach, M.

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Advanced audio watermarking benchmarking

2004 , Dittmann, J. , Steinebach, M. , Lang, A. , Zmudizinski, S.

Digital watermarking is envisaged as a potential technology for copyright protection and manipulation recognition. A key issue in the usage of robust watermarking is the evaluation of robustness and security. StirMark Benchmarking has been taken to set a benchmarking suite for audio watermarking in addition to existing still image evaluation solutions. In particular we give an overview of recent advancements and actual questions in robustness and transparency evaluations, in complexity and performance issues, in security and capacity questions. Further more we introduce benchmarking for content-fragile watermarking by summarizing design aspects and concluding essential benchmarking requirements.

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Psycho-akustische Modelle für StirMark Benchmark - Modelle zur Transparenzevaluierung

2003 , Lang, A. , Dittmann, J. , Steinebach, M.

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Design principles for active audio and video fingerprinting

2005 , Steinebach, M. , Dittmann, J.

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Publication

Capacity-optimized mp2 audio watermarking

2003 , Steinebach, M. , Dittmann, J.

Today a number of audio watermarking algorithms have been proposed, some of them at a quality making them suitable for commercial applications. The focus of most of these algorithms is copyright protection. Therefore, transparency and robustness are the most discussed and optimised parameters. But other applications for audio watermarking can also be identified stressing other parameters like complexity or payload. In our paper, we introduce a new mp2 audio watermarking algorithm optimised for high payload. Our algorithm uses the scale factors of an mp2 file for watermark embedding. They are grouped and masked based on a pseudo-random pattern generated from a secret key. In each group, we embed one bit. Depending on the bit to embed, we change the scale factors by adding 1 where necessary until it includes either more even or uneven scale factors. An uneven group has a 1 embedded, an even group a 0. The same rule is later applied to detect the watermark. The group size can be increased or decreased for transparency/payload trade-off. We embed 160 bits or more in an mp2 file per second without reducing perceived quality. As an application example, we introduce a prototypic Karaoke system displaying song lyrics embedded as a watermark.

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Watermarking-based digital audio data authentication

2003 , Steinebach, M. , Dittmann, J.

Digital watermarking has become an accepted technology for enabling multimedia protection schemes. While most efforts concentrate on user authentication, recently interest in data authentication to ensure data integrity has been increasing. Existing concepts address mainly image data. Depending on the necessary security level and the sensitivity to detect changes in the media, we differentiate between fragile, semifragile, and content-fragile watermarking approaches for media authentication. Furthermore, invertible watermarking schemes exist while each bit change can be recognized by the watermark, which can be extracted and the original data can be reproduced for high-security applications. Later approaches can be extended with cryptographic approaches like digital signatures. As we see from the literature, only few audio approaches exist and the audio domain requires additional strategies for time flow protection and resynchronization. To allow different security levels, we have to identify relevant audio features that can be used to determine content manipulations. Furthermore, in the field of invertible schemes, there are a bunch of publications for image and video data but no approaches for digital audio to ensure data authentication for high-security applications. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate two watermarking algorithms for digital audio data, addressing content integrity protection. In our first approach, we discuss possible features for a content-fragile watermarking scheme to allow several postproduction modifications. The second approach is designed for high-security applications to detect each bit change and reconstruct the original audio by introducing an invertible audio watermarking concept. Based on the invertible audio scheme, we combine digital signature schemes and digital watermarking to provide a public verifiable data authentication and a reproduction of the original, protected with a secret key.

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