Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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  • Publication
    The role of digital twins in power system automation and control: Necessity, requirements, and benefits
    ( 2021)
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Richter, Marc
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
    ;
    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Wiest, Pascal
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    Recent developments in information technology and operational technology allow novel approaches to operate the electric power system. Thereby, the innovative Digital Twin (DT) is one of the most promising concepts as it addresses increasing requirements in terms of dynamic effects, cyber-physical anomaly detection, modelling accuracy and operator awareness. Based on a brief description of the DT concept and its requirements, we present the potential of DTs for automating power system operation. Special focus is given to modelling, simulation, and communication aspects. DT applications covering system operator coordination, anomaly detection and the coordination of DT-based models between the control centre and intelligent substations are presented. The user perspective is evaluated to provide applicable services and functions of DT-based control system modules. The concept is validated by exemplary numerical case studies.
  • Publication
    Attacking dynamic power system control centers - a cyber-physical threat analysis
    ( 2021)
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Rüsch, Dennis
    ;
    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
    In dynamic control centers, conventional SCADA systems are enhanced with novel assistance functionalities to increase existing monitoring and control capabilities. To achieve this, different key technologies like phasor measurement units (PMU) and Digital Twins (DT) are incorporated, which give rise to new cyber-security challenges. To address these issues, a four-stage threat analysis approach is presented to identify and assess system vulnerabilities for novel dynamic control center architectures. For this, a simplified risk assessment method is proposed, which allows a detailed analysis of the different system vulnerabilities considering various active and passive cyber-attack types. Qualitative results of the threat analysis are presented and discussed for different use cases at the control center and substation level.
  • Publication
    Digital-Twin based Services for advanced Monitoring and Control of future power systems
    ( 2020)
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
    ;
    Richter, Marc
    As real-time applications in information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) advance, new innovative concepts become possible. IT/OT convergence opens new pathways to design and operate intelligent cyber-physical systems, such as the Digital Twin (DT) concept, which has been discovered as key technology by several industries. This paper describes how centralized and decentralized DTs can help to monitor and control future power systems with special consideration of their interaction in case of corrupted communication from cyber-attacks. While the virtual representation of substations is regarded from the edge computing perspective the control room of the interconnected power system represents the centralized perspective. The concepts allows to have a system wide perspective, while also keeping detailed information at hand. The future system operator in the control room will benefit from services provided by DTs analytical and control features, rising resilience to cyber-physical anomalies and enhance situational awareness.
  • Publication
    A new development platform for the next generation of power system control center functionalities for hybrid AC-HVDC transmission systems
    ( 2017)
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Kummerow, Andre
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
    ;
    Krönig, Arnd
    ;
    Balischewski, Stefan
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    New technologies, such as HVDC-links, will play a major role in future transmission system operation. The application of HVDC systems or flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), introduce new fast dynamics, which add controllability to the power system. Additionally, state of the art technology such as phasor measurement unit (PMU) based wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) enables new methods for the next generation of power system monitoring and control systems. To develop new functionalities for control centers a new development platform for dynamic simulation studies of control and operation functionalities for AC-HVDC systems is introduced. Therefore, a detailed understanding of every component of the distributed system is required. Hence, this paper discusses the components of the development platform comprising a real-time hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation system, the communication system and the control center itself. Furthermore, first new control center functionalities are also described in this paper.