Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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  • Publication
    Wie agieren Quartiere netzverträglich? Flexibilitätspotenziale der Vor-Ort-Versorgung
    ( 2023)
    Flemming, Sebastian
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    Bender, Tom orcid-logo
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    Surmann, Arne
    Eine effiziente und zielgerichtete Umsetzung der Energiewende erfordert eine enge Verknüpfung der Sektoren Strom, Wärme und Mobilität – nicht nur innerhalb eines Gebäudes oder einer Kundenanlage, sondern ebenfalls gebäudeübergreifend im Quartier. Auf Basis eines realen Wohnquartiers in Bochum/Weitmar haben Forschende des Fraunhofer Exzellenzclusters Integrierte Energiesysteme (CINES) anhand mehrerer Szenarien untersucht, inwieweit Flexibilitätspotenziale in Verbindung mit lokalen Erneuerbaren optimal zur sektorenübergreifenden Energieversorgung vor Ort beitragen. Neben der Möglichkeit zur Akzeptanzsteigerung für Energiewende-Vorhaben bei den Bewohnenden wurde zudem die Steigerung der Integrationsfähigkeit erneuerbarer Energien durch sogenannte Vor-Ort-Systeme bewertet.
  • Publication
    Artificial Intelligence for Electricity Supply Chain automation
    ( 2022)
    Richter, Lucas
    ;
    Lehna, Malte
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    Marchand, Sophie
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    Scholz, Christoph
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    Dreher, Marian Alexander orcid-logo
    ;
    Klaiber, Stefan
    ;
    Lenk, Steve
    The Electricity Supply Chain is a system of enabling procedures to optimize processes ranging from production to transportation and consumption of electricity. The proportion of distributed energy sources within the electricity system increases steadily, which necessitates an improved monitoring capability to ensure the overall reliability and quality of the Electricity Supply Chain. Automation is strongly required to process the growing amount of data. Thus, it is inevitable to handle large amounts of heterogeneous data and process the information using forecasting and optimization techniques. Artificial Intelligence techniques are crucial for extending human cognitive abilities in these tasks. In our work, we synthesize the main impacts of the Artificial Intelligence paradigm on the automation of the Electricity Supply Chain. We describe the emerging automation through Artificial Intelligence in every layer of the Smart Grid Architecture Model and highlight state-of-the-art approaches. In the review, we focus on the following Electricity Supply Chain functionalities: generation, maintenance, pre-processing, analysis, forecasting, optimization, and trading within energy systems. After investigating the individual perspectives, we examine the potential implementation of a fully automated Electricity Supply Chain. Lastly, we discuss perspectives and limitations for the transformation from conventional to automated Electricity Supply Chains, specifically in terms of human interaction, Artificial Intelligence adaptation, energy transition, and sustainability.
  • Publication
    Cleaning strategies and cost modelling of experimental membrane-based desalination plants
    ( 2021)
    Karimanzira, Divas
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    Went, Joachim
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    Neumann, Frank
    In Project WASTEC, an experimental Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination system was developed. It serves as a platform for testing new technologies. For this system, we solved two problems, which are described in this paper. Firstly, we developed and investigated strategies for scheduling chemical enhanced backwashing and chemical cleaning and secondly, due to the experimental nature of the project, several new technological developments with respect to materials and methods were integrated into the system and requires tools for evaluating the economic viability of the new technologies. In this task, the economics of membrane-based desalination will be investigated. Baseline systems of reverse osmosis and pretreatment systems (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) will be economically examined and compared for their investments and operational costs. Sensitivity of the different plant and membrane parameters to the cost will be studied. Results show that with respect to costs, for a 200m3/hr design capacity plant, a volume of water is produced by a MF process at a cost of $0.494 and at a cost of $0.486 by an ultrafiltration process microfiltration. The reverse osmosis process cannot be compared directly, but it required $ 0.49 / m3 for a plant with 56 m3/hour design capacity. The values are in line with the costs reported in literature for membrane-based filtration.
  • Publication
    Microgrid Systems: Towards a Technical Performance Assessment Frame
    ( 2021)
    Marchand, Sophie
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    Monsalve, Cristian
    ;
    Reimann, Thorsten orcid-logo
    ;
    Heckmann, Wolfram
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    Ungerland, Jakob
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    Lauer, Hagen
    ;
    Ruhe, Stephan
    ;
    Krauß, Christoph
    A microgrid is an independent power system that can be connected to the grid or operated in an islanded mode. This single grid entity is widely used for furthering access to energy and ensuring reliable energy supply. However, if islanded, microgrids do not benefit from the high inertia of the main grid and can be subject to high variations in terms of voltage and frequency, which challenge their stability. In addition, operability and interoperability requirements, standards as well as directives have addressed main concerns regarding a microgrid's reliability, use of distributed local resources and cybersecurity. Nevertheless, microgrid systems are quickly evolving through digitalization and have a large range of applications. Thus, a consensus over their testing must be further developed with the current technological development. Here, we describe existing technical requirements and assessment criteria for a microgrid's main functionalities to foster harmonization of functionality-level testing and an international conception of system-level one. This framework is proposed as a reference document for assessment frame development serving both microgrid research and implementation for a comprehensive understanding of technical microgrid performance and its current assessment challenges, such as lack of standardization and evolving technology.
  • Publication
    Opportunities and challenges of high renewable energy deployment and electricity exchange for North Africa and Europe - scenarios for power sector and transmission infrastructure in 2030 and 2050
    ( 2016)
    Boie, Inga
    ;
    Kost, Christoph
    ;
    Bohn, Sven
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    Agsten, Michael
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    Bretschneider, Peter
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    Snigovyi, Oleksandr
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    Pudlik, Martin
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    Ragwitz, Mario
    ;
    Schlegl, Thomas
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    Climate change and limited availability of fossil fuel reserves stress both the importance of deploying renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation and the need for a stronger integration of regional electricity markets. This analysis focuses on North African (NA) countries, which possess vast resources of renewable energy but whose electricity supply is still largely dependent on fossil fuels. An analysis of cost-optimized deployment scenarios for RES is conducted in five NA countries in 2030 and 2050. Three electricity models are combined to derive results covering trans-regional to sub-national level, including a detailed analysis of grid capacities and future transmission challenges. Further, opportunities for integration of European and NA electricity markets are evaluated. Results confirm that, by 2050, high RES shares - close to 100% - are possible in NA. Wind energy is the dominant technology. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants also play an important role with rising RES shares due to the possibility to store thermal energy. Electricity exports to Europe gain particular importance in the period after 2030. Substantial transmission grid reinforcements on AC-level and the construction of a high voltage DC overlay grid are prerequisites for the forecasted scenarios.