Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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  • Publication
    Efficient visible light communication drivers using illumination LEDs in industrial environments
    ( 2021)
    Schneider, Daniel
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    Shrotri, Abhijeet
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    Flatt, Holger
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    Stübbe, Oliver
    ;
    Lachmayer, Roland
    Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of lighting and wireless communication systems by modulation of illumination devices. However, to increase the performance, typically, beam-forming measures are taken creating pencil beams, thus contradicting the illumination purpose. In order to optimize the performance trade off between efficient illumination and communication, the switching capabilities of illumination LEDs are examined. Illumination LEDs with standard drivers and without beam-forming show limited applicability for communication purposes as they are not optimized for the necessary switching capability (f ≈11 MHz) and coherence. Methods to enhance the electrical current by pre-equalisation, biasing, carrier sweeping and current shaping are examined in respect to the illumination LED's communication performance. A novel driver scheme is derived which achieves considerably higher switching frequencies (f >100 MHz) without employing beamforming at the illumination LED. This driver is able to obtain a data rate of up to 200 Mbit/s at a distance of 3.2 m, using on-off keying (OOK) modulation technique. Therefore, it is feasible to apply the LED driver by implementing standardised illumination devices in VLC systems.
  • Publication
    Manufacturing of lens array prototypes containing spherical and fresnel lenses for visible light communications using stereolithography apparatus
    ( 2021)
    Shrotri, Abhijeet
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    Beyer, Micha
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    Schneider, Daniel
    ;
    Stübbe, Oliver
    Additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping process (RPP) have revolutionized the production of 3D objects in the last few decades. RPP has considerably increased the rate of production and the possibility of manufacturing prototypes in the fields of electrical, optical, and mechanical engineering. The manufacturing of optical prototypes including spherical, aspheric, and special kinds of lenses and lens arrays has reformed the fabrication of optical components. In this paper, specifically designed lens array prototypes for application in visible light communication (VLC) are introduced. These lens array prototypes are manufactured using the stereolithography apparatus (SLA) process. These lens arrays are designed to achieve optimal transmission of the light beam for VLC systems. One of the prototypes from the lens arrays contains primarily four spherical lenses and one thicker convex lens and the other contains one fresnel lens as a substitute for thicker convex lens. These lens arrays are further post-processed to achieve the required transparency. These lens array prototypes are tested using laser and LEDs. The ON-OFF keying modulated light beam was transmitted through the lens array at the sender side and focused on the photo-receiver using another lens array at the receiver side which is 200 cm apart. After evaluating these lens prototypes, it can be concluded that with appropriate post-processing and high-resolution stereolithography based manufacturing, a low data rate VLC link can be formed.
  • Publication
    Work-in-Progress: Semantic Knowledge Base as a Solution for Heterogeneous Industrial Network Management
    ( 2020)
    Majumder, Mainak
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    Soler Perez Olaya, S.
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    Ehrlich, Marco
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    Wisniewski, Lukasz
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    Jasperneite, Jürgen
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    Wollschlaeger, Martin
    The advent of Industry 4.0 brings the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) inside the factory premise and made the boundaries between the information and operational technologies (IT OT) obsolete. This, in turn, introduces the problem of interoperability due to the integration of multiple industrial protocols and technologies from various automation networks. The aim of this paper is to investigate this interoperability problem of heterogeneous network management and propose a semantic network knowledge base as a solution to it. It also describes a set of generic interface functions for data acquisition.
  • Publication
    A Simulation Model for Integrating 5G into Time Sensitive Networking as a Transparent Bridge
    ( 2020)
    Martenvormfelde, Lukas
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    Neumann, Arne
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    Wisniewski, Lukasz
    ;
    Jasperneite, Jürgen
    The advances in industrial automation systems rise more stringent demands for reliable and flexible communication. 5G and TSN have been discussed widely as promising candidates that fulfil these requirements. To take advantage of the combination of both of these technologies, an integration of 5G with TSN is part of the current work on the 5G specifications.In this paper, a simulation approach for OMNeT++ based on the existing TSN model NeSTiNg and a novel lightweight 5G user plane model that is still under development is presented. By means of a relevant closed loop control simulation, the known issue of different scheduling periods is reproduced in a minimal simulation scenario. Furthermore, crucial further steps to optimize the model towards an IEEE 802.1Qbv TSN bridge are identified as future tasks.
  • Publication
    Intelligent homecare systems: An exploration of system requirements from a user's perspective
    ( 2020)
    Röcker, Carsten
    Recent technical developments have paved the way for various types of intelligent homecare services, yet, the needs and wants of potential users who have to live in such environments are still largely unexplored today. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing (1) the requirements that future homecare systems have to meet as well as (2) the influences of personal user factors of the perceived importance of these requirements. In a pre-study with N = 31 participants, discretion, data security, control and avoidance of stigmatization have been identified as fundamental system requirements. The four requirements were explored in more detail in a main study with N = 461 participants. The results show that all aspects were regarded as rather important, however, the differences in the perception of the various aspects were quite distinctive.
  • Publication
    Ethernet TSN Nano Profil - Migrationshelfer vom industriellen Brownfield zum Ethernet TSN-basierten IIoT
    ( 2020)
    Schriegel, Sebastian
    ;
    Biendarra, Alexander
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    Kobzan, Thomas
    ;
    Leurs, Ludwig
    ;
    Jasperneite, Jürgen
    IEEE 802.1 Ethernet TSN ermöglicht Netzwerkkonvergenz für zeitsensitive Applikationen und Protokolle und ist damit eine wichtige Basistechnologie für universelle, einheitliche und durchgängige industrielle Kommunikation vom Sensor bis zur Cloud. Es ist allerdings nicht einheitlich definiert, welche TSN- und Ethernet-Funktionen mit welchen Ressourcen (z. B. Speicher) dafür notwendig sind bzw. genutzt werden sollen. Hersteller, die IEC und die IEEE arbeiten deshalb daran Ethernet TSN für den Einsatz in der industriellen Automation in einem engeren Rahmen zu definieren als die IEEE 802.1-Standardfamilie dies tut. Das entsprechende Profil IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN Profile for Industrial Automation soll 2021 fertig sein. Die hohe Einsatz- und Anforderungsbandbreite (Sensor bis Cloud) macht eine homogene Lösung aber schwer und die Entwicklung und Verbreitung der Technologie in den Anwendungen wird sehr viel Zeit benötigen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein TSN-Nano Profil vorgeschlagen, das einerseits Ethernet TSN für die Feldebene (Sensoren und Aktoren) skalieren soll und andererseits passende heutige IEC-Echtzeit Ethernet-Hardware mit speziellen Umsetzungsmethoden per Firmware mit TSN-Funktionen updaten kann und so die Markteinführung von Ethernet TSN in der Automation und auch das Retrofitting von existierenden Anlagen vereinfacht und beschleunigt. Es wird vorgeschlagen das Ethernet TSN Nano Profil in das IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN-IAProfil aufzunehmen und so eine Profilskalierung für einfachste Geräte zu erzielen und Retrofitting zu ermöglichen.
  • Publication
    An Approach for Data Pipeline with Distributed Query Engine for Industrial Applications
    ( 2020)
    Chowdhury, Arnab Ghosh
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    Illian, Marvin
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    Wisniewski, Lukasz
    ;
    Jasperneite, Jürgen
    The data driven services in industrial automation systems are transforming the world of automation industry by optimizing industrial processes and providing Value Added Services (VASs) with the grace of Industry 4.0, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI). A demand driven data pipeline is essential to connect different industrial data sources in a shop floor with different data storage systems for service provisioning. This paper analyzes an experimental approach and corresponding challenges to optimize computing resource allocation in industrial applications to construct such demand driven data pipeline to provide data driven services through an open source, flexible and extensible distributed query engine known as Presto, which can perform interactive analytical queries for different purposes such as condition monitoring, asset management or many others.
  • Publication
    Untersuchung der Netzlastrobustheit von OPC UA - Standard, Profile, Geräte und Testmethoden
    ( 2020)
    Gamper, Sergej
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    Poudel, Bal Krishna
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    Schriegel, Sebastian
    ;
    Pethig, Florian
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    Jasperneite, Jürgen
    Momentan werden neue Kommunikationstechnologien wie z. B. OPC UA, TSN oder auch SDN ausgearbeitet und eingeführt, um den Anforderungen einer Industrie 4.0 gerecht zu werden. Dabei konzentriert man sich verständlicherweise hauptsächlich auf die funktionalen Aspekte der jeweiligen Technologie. Dabei können bestimmte grundlegende Qualitätsmerkmale aber leicht unterschätzt oder einfach übersehen werden. Dieses Dokument beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob das Thema der Netzlastrobustheit bei OPC UA im Standard oder bei der Zertifizierung der OPC UA-fähigen Geräte bereits eine Rolle spielt. Wie die Erfahrungen der letzten Jahrzehnte in der Nutzung der Ethernet-basierten industriellen Netzwerke (z. B. PROFINET) zeigen, spielt dieses Thema eine sehr wichtige Rolle.
  • Publication
    Teaching by Demonstrating - How Smart Assistive Systems can Learn from Users
    ( 2020)
    Büttner, Sebastian
    ;
    Peda, Andreas
    ;
    Heinz, Mario
    ;
    Röcker, Carsten
    Projection-based assitive systems that guide users through assembly work are on their way to industrial application. Previous research work investigated how people can be supported with such systems. However, there has been little work on the question on how to generate and author sequential instructions for assitive systems. In this paper, we present a new concept and a prototypical implementation of an assitive system that can be taught by demonstrating an assembly process. By using a combination of RGB and depth cameras, we can generate an assembly instruction of Lego Duplo bricks based on the demonstration of a user. This generated manual can later on be used for assisting other users in the assembly process. By our prototype system, we show the technological feasibility of assistive systems that can learn from users.
  • Publication
    Plug & Play Retrofitting Approach for Data Integration to the Cloud
    ( 2020)
    Kumar Panda, Santosh
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    Wisniewski, Lukasz
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    Ehrlich, Marco
    ;
    Majumder, Mainak
    ;
    Jasperneite, Jürgen
    Driven by rapid digitalisation, production systems are becoming more flexible and adaptable with the help of emerging concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. Often, these transformations are not fully implemented in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) due to the replacement cost of existing machines. This paper aims to develop a Plug Play retrofitting platform, where Industry 4.0 compliant sensor systems can be attached, detected, and configured automatically to the existing production environment. The purpose of the retrofitting is to integrate the sensor system with a cloud platform that would provide persistent storage for sensor data as well as the functionalities to perform monitoring, analysis, and predictive learning.