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PublicationTowards a Digital Representation of Building Systems Controls( 2024)Energy monitoring and performance optimization processes play a significant role in ensuring energy-efficient building operation. However, the current implementation of these processes requires substantial time and effort due to the fragmented and non-digital nature of technical building equipment information. To address these challenges, we demonstrate the application of the PLCont methodology within an ongoing monitoring process in a real building. PLCont utilizes Semantic Web Technologies and established RDF ontologies to describe the control topology. The digital representation of control functions aligns closely with the IEC standard 61131-3, and the PLCont ontology establishes a connection between the topology and the control functions. We compare the conventional approach and the PLCont methodol-ogy using the supply air temperature control of an Air Handling Unit (AHU) as a use case. A graphical user interface built upon the PLCont backend provides a comprehensive represen-tation of the system's functionality. It displays the system topology as a digital HVAC schema, the function code exported from the PLC, time-series data plots, and textual descriptions of implemented functions. We demonstrate how this approach enhances transparency and facil-itates the identification and elimination of faulty system behavior, ultimately contributing to the optimization and energy efficiency of building systems.
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PublicationFortschrittsbericht zur Digitalisierung des Energiesystems(Fraunhofer CINES, 2024)
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PublicationVor-Ort-Systeme als flexibler Baustein im Energiesystem( 2023-01)
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PublicationUtilizing Flexibility Potentials in Local Energy Systems( 2023)
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PublicationWie agieren Quartiere netzverträglich? Flexibilitätspotenziale der Vor-Ort-Versorgung( 2023)
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PublicationArtificial Intelligence for Electricity Supply Chain automation( 2022)
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PublicationDigitalisierung des Energiesystems - 14 Thesen zum Erfolg(Fraunhofer CINES, 2022)
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PublicationCleaning strategies and cost modelling of experimental membrane-based desalination plants( 2021)In Project WASTEC, an experimental Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination system was developed. It serves as a platform for testing new technologies. For this system, we solved two problems, which are described in this paper. Firstly, we developed and investigated strategies for scheduling chemical enhanced backwashing and chemical cleaning and secondly, due to the experimental nature of the project, several new technological developments with respect to materials and methods were integrated into the system and requires tools for evaluating the economic viability of the new technologies. In this task, the economics of membrane-based desalination will be investigated. Baseline systems of reverse osmosis and pretreatment systems (microfiltration and ultrafiltration) will be economically examined and compared for their investments and operational costs. Sensitivity of the different plant and membrane parameters to the cost will be studied. Results show that with respect to costs, for a 200m3/hr design capacity plant, a volume of water is produced by a MF process at a cost of $0.494 and at a cost of $0.486 by an ultrafiltration process microfiltration. The reverse osmosis process cannot be compared directly, but it required $ 0.49 / m3 for a plant with 56 m3/hour design capacity. The values are in line with the costs reported in literature for membrane-based filtration.
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PublicationTesting Automated Operation and Control Algorithms for Distribution Grids Using a Co-Simulation Environment( 2021)This publication presents a co-simulation framework that enables the coupling of various simulation components of energy systems that are not only modeled at three geographically distributed Fraunhofer Institutes, but are also vastly different in terms of their functionality, control algorithms, time resolution, speeds and used tools. This framework facilitates their joint usage despite these differences especially with regard to their time resolutions (real-time combined with non-real-time systems) and is applied in the DistributedGridLab of the Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Integrated Energy Systems (CINES) [1]. The DistributedGridLab thus allows users - e.g. grid operators, manufacturers and research institutes - to test their solutions before field deployment with special consideration of their interaction with other solutions at different remote testing facilities, and without the need to use the same software and hardware setups. A demonstrator of the DistributedGridLab is introduced where an electric energy system is modeled, which contains a medium voltage grid with three connected low voltage grids. The different control approaches interact to stabilize the entire system without a centrally controlled simulation of the systems.
