Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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Get ahead of the Situation: Simulation of Cross-Sectoral Cascading Effects during a Crisis

2023 , Gerold, Michael , Nicolai, Steffen

In recent years, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events has been steadily increasing. Due to the often-exposed location of critical infrastructures, extreme weather events pose a serious threat to them. As supply networks become increasingly interconnected with multiple critical infrastructures, the occurrence of cascading effects does not only lead to further failures within a specific sector but can introduce severe consequences to adjacent sectors as well. In parallel, critical infrastructures must be regarded as socio-technical systems which not only supply people but are also operated by people. During stressful situations like extreme weather events, it is therefore mandatory to obtain a comprehensive assessment for enabling quick and coordinated countermeasures to minimize damage to critical infrastructure, establish a rapid emergency supply and prepare for reconstruction. This paper presents a concept to reproduce cross-sectoral cascading effects through coupled simulations of individual supply networks. The results of the individual simulations of the different sectors are bundled and interlinked in an overall platform able to trigger subsequent simulations. To represent both anticipated and unforeseen cascading effects, the interfaces between the simulations must be carefully defined and implemented. The results of the overall platform will be incorporated into a demonstrator that will provide a training environment for emergency forces and network operators in which communication during the crisis can be practiced, security measures can be pre-thought, and vulnerable nodes can be identified.

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Lademanagementmethode für Elektrofahrzeuge zur Senkung von Installations- und Betriebskosten von Ladepunkt-Gruppen

2022 , Flemming, Sebastian

Der notwendige Ausbau der Ladeinfrastruktur aufgrund der zunehmenden Verbreitung von Elektrofahrzeugen stellt die elektrische Energieversorgung mit ihrer vorzuhaltenden Infrastruktur vor wachsenden Herausforderungen. Beispielsweise wird die Installation neuer Ladepunkte innerhalb eines bestehenden Objektes häufig mit einer Ertüchtigung der lokalen elektrischen Infrastruktur und folglich mit zusätzlichen Investitionskosten verbunden sein. Zudem führt das elektrische Laden der Elektrofahrzeuge zu neuen Lastmustern, so dass sich für ein betreffendes Objekt der bisher bekannte elektrische Lastgang des Netzanschlusspunktes signifikant ändert. Im unvorteilhaften Fall einer ungesteuerten Parallelladung von mehreren Elektrofahrzeugen kann es zeitweilig zu einem erheblichen höheren Viertelstundenleistungsbedarf kommen, sodass sich dementsprechend die leistungsbezogenen Kostenanteile und somit auch die gesamten Energiebezugskosten für das betreffende Objekt erhöhen. Diesem Defizit können Ansätze zur gesteuerten und koordinierten Nachladung von Elektrofahrzeugen entgegenwirken, die sowohl eine Minimierung der Installations-als auch der Betriebskosten in Aussicht stellen. Im Rahmen des Beitrages werden konventionelle Methoden zum Last-bzw. Leistungsmanagement für Elektrofahrzeuge mit neuartigen Optimierungsansätzen gegenübergestellt, analysiert und verglichen.

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Energetische Sanierung von Mehrfamilienhäusern mit PVT-Hybridsystem und Messdienst-basiertem Energiemanagement

2021 , Leibfried, Ulrich , Bernard, Thomas , Stürtz, Simon

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Emerging Perspectives on Medical Decision Support: Co-Designing XAI

2020 , Mucha, Henrik , Robert, Sebastian

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) promise to significantly enhance the capabilities of decision support systems in medicine. Yet, if these systems fail to providean understandable rationale of the decision making process the adoption of this powerful technology will be difficult. Hence, there is growing interest in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Explanations that speak the language of the user are a cornerstone for Fair AI. In this position paper, we reflect on research about XAI and designing decision support in medicine. From there, we lay out an approach to use co-design methodology to explore how users perceive and interact with explanations of decision support systems.

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Digitale Zwillinge zur Online-Zustandserfassung in Verteilnetzen

2022-05-10 , Nicolai, Steffen , Ruhe, Stephan

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Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications over an 800 m Urban Path

2021 , McDonald, Douglas , Bellossi, Raphaël , Gladysz, Szymon , Lambert, Andrew

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SET-260: A Measurement Campaign for EO/IR Signatures of UAVs

2021 , Borghgraef, A. , Châteauneuf, M. , Gagné, G. , Hansen, S. , Christnacher, F. , Prioul, J.-C. , Hespel, L. , Hebel, Marcus , Rodrigez Artolazabal, J.A. , Benoist, K. , Hollander, R. den

NATO Research Task Group SET-260 aimed at bringing together experts in EO/IR detection among the NATO community to share detection knowledge and signature data of mini and micro UAVs in an urban environment. Within the program of work of SET-260, a NATO joint trial was organized to collect UAV EO/IR signatures of UAVs in different bands with an urban background. The trial took place in CENZUB, the French armed forces training center for urban combat, in June 2019. In this paper, we present details of this trial and discuss the challenges, pros and cons of detecting UAVs in the different EO/IR bands.

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Efficient Global Occupancy Mapping for Mobile Robots using OpenVDB

2022 , Hagmanns, Raphael , Emter, Thomas , Grosse Besselmann, Marvin , Beyerer, Jürgen

In this work we present a fast occupancy map building approach based on the VDB datastructure. Existing log- odds based occupancy mapping systems are often not able to keep up with the high point densities and framerates of modern sensors. Therefore, we suggest a highly optimized approach based on a modern datastructure coming from a computer graphic background. A multithreaded insertion scheme allows occupancy map building at unprecedented speed. Multiple optimizations allow for a customizable tradeoff between runtime and map quality. We first demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach quantitatively on a set of ablation studies and typical benchmark sets, before we practically demonstrate the system using a legged robot and a UAV.

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Security in Industrial Environments

2021 , Borcherding, Anne

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are used to control and monitor industrial environments such as production or chemical processes. Due to their elementary role in critical infrastructure, ICS pose an interesting target for attacker. This is why it is necessary to secure ICS, to close vulnerabilities, and to make them more robust against attacks. In this talk, we will dive into the art of industrial ethical hacking, vulnerability scanning, and fuzzing. This will come along with an overview of the state-of-the-art in the field of industrial security. In addition, this talk will give information on different recent attacks and vulnerabilities such as TRITON and Ripple20.

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Smart City Technologies for Cultural Heritage Protection

2020 , Moßgraber, Jürgen , Hellmund, Tobias , Hertweck, Philipp , Schaaf, Hylke van der

Climate change (CC) will morph the environmental landscape, thus leading to climate stress imposed on Cultural Heritage (CH). Especially, tangible CH, like castles, palaces, monuments and churches as well as gardens are exposed to CH effects. Such effects are heat waves, flooding, higher sea level, just to name a few. The management and preservation of such CH buildings and whole sites, particularly in the context of CC, is a complex task in which authorities and decision makers need to aggregate and oversee information from diverse sources and domains. Yet, only by considering all relevant and available information, stakeholders can make well-grounded decisions. This imposes a complex task upon the authorities, not only due to the diversity and heterogeneity, but also to the quantity of available data. Only if the current and future situation of the CH in focus is understood, strategies for protecting them can be developed. The first challenge is to apply different kind of sensors to the buildings and gardens to collect data about the weather (temperature, precipitation, etc.), the situation of walls incl. cracks and the state of plants. After that, this data needs to be managed and made accessible in homogeneous way for further processing and analysis. The domain of smart city research faces the exact same problems. Sensors are applied all over the city for example about traffic, infrastructure, air and water quality and weather data. In contrast to CH the community is much larger and the industry is involved as well. Therefore, it is beneficial to look into technologies developed for smart cities and analyze how they can be applied to the monitoring of CH sites. For retrieving, managing and processing sensor data there are open standards evolving, for example the SensorThings API standard by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). Currently, many tools evolve around such standards from which some are available as open source. First results of successfully applying these technologies from different CH and smart city projects will be presented.

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