Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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Fraunhofer Zukunftsthemen "SUPERGRID". Supergrid - Ansatz für die Integration von Erneuerbaren Energien in Europa und Nordafrika

2016 , Platzer, Werner , Boie, Inga , Ragwitz, Mario , Kost, Christoph , Thoma, Jürgen , Vogel, Axel , Fluri, Thomas , Pfeiffer, Wulf , Burmeister, Frank , Tham, Nils , Pudlik, Martin , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Westermann, Dirk , Kranzer, Dirk , Schlegl, Thomas

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A pan-European-North African HVDC grid for bulk energy transmission - a model-based analysis

2014 , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Marten, Anne-Katrin , Westermann, Dirk , Boie, Inga , Ragwitz, Mario

The usage of renewable energy is gaining importance due to national and international targets for reduction of CO2 emissions and consumption of fossil fuels and respective renewable energy deployment goals. Due to the volatile nature of renewable energy and regional potentials for generation in remote areas, there is a need for a better integration of generation and load centers in a common transmission infrastructure. This can be done by establishing a meshed HVDC overlay grid for bulk electricity transmission over long distances. Therefore, this paper describes the outlook for renewable energy deployment by 2050 in the North African region, as well as the potential to export renewable energy to Europe. It analyses the existing AC transmission grid infrastructure and explains why a meshed pan-European-North African HVDC overlay grid will solve the transmission requirements for the target year 2050.

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Integrating a Pan-European HVDC Grid into the North African AC Transmission System

2013 , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Boie, Inga

Establishing an overlay grid in Europe and expanding it to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has high potentials to support the pan-European and MENA energy exchange. Scenario-based modeling has proven that a meshed HVDC grid is able to transmit large volumes of renewable energy generated offshore or in deserts and arid regions over long distances to the industrial zones and load centers. Based on scenarios for energy generation and exchange in MENA this paper gives an outlook on the integration of the pan-European HVDC grid with MENA to support both local energy supply and export to Europe.

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Ausbaustrategien für erneuerbare Energien in Nordafrika

2013 , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Pudlik, Martin , Ragwitz, Mario , Schlegl, Thomas , Sensfuß, Frank , Mende, Florian

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Opportunities and challenges of high renewable energy deployment and electricity exchange for North Africa and Europe - scenarios for power sector and transmission infrastructure in 2030 and 2050

2016 , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Snigovyi, Oleksandr , Pudlik, Martin , Ragwitz, Mario , Schlegl, Thomas , Westermann, Dirk

Climate change and limited availability of fossil fuel reserves stress both the importance of deploying renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation and the need for a stronger integration of regional electricity markets. This analysis focuses on North African (NA) countries, which possess vast resources of renewable energy but whose electricity supply is still largely dependent on fossil fuels. An analysis of cost-optimized deployment scenarios for RES is conducted in five NA countries in 2030 and 2050. Three electricity models are combined to derive results covering trans-regional to sub-national level, including a detailed analysis of grid capacities and future transmission challenges. Further, opportunities for integration of European and NA electricity markets are evaluated. Results confirm that, by 2050, high RES shares - close to 100% - are possible in NA. Wind energy is the dominant technology. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants also play an important role with rising RES shares due to the possibility to store thermal energy. Electricity exports to Europe gain particular importance in the period after 2030. Substantial transmission grid reinforcements on AC-level and the construction of a high voltage DC overlay grid are prerequisites for the forecasted scenarios.

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Meshed HVDC transmission in the content of sustainable power transmission for the future and its environmental impact

2014 , Bohn, Sven , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Westermann, Dirk , Marten, Anne-Katrin

When talking about future power systems, power transmissions cannot be omitted. While it makes sense to generate RE where the potential is highest, it often means that volatile RE has to be transmitted over long distances. HVDC is favored for modern transmission to reinforce AC transmission. Around the world, HVDC is discussed and implemented in grid expansion plans. These plans range from point-to-point links towards meshed grids. This paper explores these grids and their ability to transmit RE in bulk and over long distances. It is shown to prevent massive AC grid expansion, and therefore positively impact the environment.

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A detailed North African HVDC grid for a pan-European-North African electricity exchange

2013 , Kusmiyarso, Sidik Kusmiyarso , Bohn, Sven , Boie, Inga

Renewable energy (RE) has been chosen as an alternative to reduce fossil fuel and eliminate generation by nuclear power. The North African (NA) region has a vast potential for RE sources. The RE potential even exceeds the local demand, thus it has the potential to be exported to the Europe Union (EU). However, implementing such a pan-European-North African electricity exchange implies substantial challenges for the transmission grid infrastructure. An HVDC grid is chosen as the best alternative to transmit a huge amount of electricity over long distances. A detailed model is required to understand the HVDC grid behavior. Therefore, this paper presents the model of an HVDC grid for electricity exchange between NA and the EU. The paper defines the number of interconnectors, location of converter stations and transmission lines for the time horizon 2050.

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Fraunhofer topics of the future "SUPERGRID". Supergrid - Approach for the integration of renewable energy in Europe and North Africa

2016 , Platzer, Werner , Boie, Inga , Ragwitz, Mario , Kost, Christoph , Thoma, Jürgen , Vogel, Axel , Fluri, Thomas , Pfeiffer, Wulf , Burmeister, Frank , Tham, Nils , Pudlik, Martin , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Westermann, Dirk , Kranzer, Dirk , Schlegl, Thomas

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Scenarios for renewable energy deployment in North African countries and electricity exchange with Europe - a model-based analysis for 2050

2014 , Boie, Inga , Pudlik, Martin , Ragwitz, Mario , Sensfuss, F. , Bohn, Sven , Agsten, Michael , Bretschneider, Peter , Westermann, Dirk

Deployment of renewable energy technologies in North Africa has large potentials for both, the coverage of the growing local electricity demand and for export of electricity to neighboring regions such as Europe. The presented research analyzes four scenarios with high shares of renewable energies in electricity generation (regional average 83-98%) in five North African countries and evaluates the opportunities and technical challenges for exchange of electricity within the region and with Europe. It was found that extensive grid reinforcements would be required to realize the presented scenarios. With respect to inner-regional transmission capacities in North Africa, results show that, depending on the scenario, about 90 % of the present grid would have to be expanded substantially in order to handle the expected transmission volumes in 2050.

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"SuperGrid" - Das europäisch-nordafrikanische HGÜ-Overlay-Netz der Zukunft

2013 , Bohn, Sven , Boie, Inga , Kost, Christoph , Agsten, Michael , Westermann, Dirk

Die Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien (EE) wie Sonne, Wind und Wasser ist ein weltweit wachsender Zukunftsmarkt. Sie dient dem Klimaschutz und kann dem Schwinden fossiler Ressourcen entgegenwirken. Dem gegenüber stellt die zunehmende Einspeisung EE jedoch hohe Anforderungen an den Transport und die Verteilung des Stromes durch die Volatilität der EE. Einspeisung, Transport und Verteilung des Stromes gewinnen somit immer mehr an Bedeutung und erfordern einen Ausbau der Stromnetze. Darüber hinaus kommt künftig den Regionen mit einer hohen Verfügbarkeit an EE eine große Rolle zu. Im Rahmen verschiedener Projekte wird evaluiert inwiefern erzeugter Strom aus EE aus z. B. den Regionen Nordafrikas (NA) in die Wirtschaftszentren Süd- und Mitteleuropas transportiert werden kann. In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie zur Entwicklung des nordafrikanisch-europäischen Stromaustauschs dargestellt. Dabei werden mögliche Entwicklungen für die Stromerzeugung in NA und dem -export nach Europa ermittelt, gegenwärtige Gegebenheiten der Übertragungsnetze analysiert und die Notwendigkeit, Struktur und Art eines überlagernden Netzes bewertet. Angesichts der großen zu übertragenden Leistungen und zu überwindenden Distanzen, sowie anderer technischer Rahmenbedingungen, kommt nach heutigem Stand der Technik lediglich eine Hochspannungs-Gleichstrom-Übertragung (HGÜ) in Betracht. Auf Grund der erzielten Ergebnisse zum Elektrizitätstransport wird das dafür benötigte HGÜ-Netz vorgestellt und die Ausprägung der Stromerzeugung und Netzinfrastruktur in NA detailliert.

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