Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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  • Publication
    Influence of autoregressive noise on phasor data based disturbance classification
    ( 2021)
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Dirbas, Mohammad
    ;
    Monsalve, Christian
    ;
    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Bretschneider, Peter
    The automated classification of grid disturbances based on phasor measurement units (PMU) is a key application for a fast and reliable monitoring and control of future power systems. The predominant use of dynamic simulations for the training of the classification models can lead to severe misclassifications during the application phase due to measurement induced error signals. As an advancement to standard white noise approaches, an optimization-based error model is introduced for the synthesis of PMU measurement signals with specific noise characteristics. This approach allows a flexible creation of more sophisticated error signals. Extensive simulation studies are performed for a disturbance classification model based on a recurrent neural network using a large electrical transmission grid.
  • Publication
    Attacking dynamic power system control centers - a cyber-physical threat analysis
    ( 2021)
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Rüsch, Dennis
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    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
    In dynamic control centers, conventional SCADA systems are enhanced with novel assistance functionalities to increase existing monitoring and control capabilities. To achieve this, different key technologies like phasor measurement units (PMU) and Digital Twins (DT) are incorporated, which give rise to new cyber-security challenges. To address these issues, a four-stage threat analysis approach is presented to identify and assess system vulnerabilities for novel dynamic control center architectures. For this, a simplified risk assessment method is proposed, which allows a detailed analysis of the different system vulnerabilities considering various active and passive cyber-attack types. Qualitative results of the threat analysis are presented and discussed for different use cases at the control center and substation level.
  • Publication
    The role of digital twins in power system automation and control: Necessity, requirements, and benefits
    ( 2021)
    Brosinsky, Christoph
    ;
    Kummerow, André
    ;
    Richter, Marc
    ;
    Naumann, Andre
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    Nicolai, Steffen
    ;
    Wiest, Pascal
    ;
    Westermann, Dirk
    Recent developments in information technology and operational technology allow novel approaches to operate the electric power system. Thereby, the innovative Digital Twin (DT) is one of the most promising concepts as it addresses increasing requirements in terms of dynamic effects, cyber-physical anomaly detection, modelling accuracy and operator awareness. Based on a brief description of the DT concept and its requirements, we present the potential of DTs for automating power system operation. Special focus is given to modelling, simulation, and communication aspects. DT applications covering system operator coordination, anomaly detection and the coordination of DT-based models between the control centre and intelligent substations are presented. The user perspective is evaluated to provide applicable services and functions of DT-based control system modules. The concept is validated by exemplary numerical case studies.