Fraunhofer-Institut für Optronik, Systemtechnik und Bildauswertung IOSB

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Intelligent Assistants: Conceptual Dimensions, Contextual Model, and Design Trends

2022 , Dhiman, Hitesh , Wächter, Christoph , Fellmann, Michael , Röcker, Carsten

Intelligent assistants are an increasingly commonplace class of information systems spanning a broad range of form and complexity. But what characterizes an intelligent assistant, and how do we design better assistants? In the paper, the authors contribute to scientific research in the domain of intelligent assistants in three steps, each building on the previous. First, they investigate the historical context of assistance as human work. By examining qualitative studies regarding the work of human assistants, the authors inductively derive concepts crucial to modeling the context of assistance. This analysis informs the second step, in which they develop a conceptual typology of intelligent assistants using 111 published articles. This typology explicates the characteristics (what or how) of intelligent assistants and their use context (who or which). In the third and final step, the authors utilize this typology to shed light on historical trends and patterns in design and evaluation of intelligent assistants, reflect on missed opportunities, and discuss avenues for further exploration.

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Handling Work Complexity with AR/Deep Learning

2019 , Dhiman, Hitesh , Büttner, Sebastian , Röcker, Carsten , Reisch, Raphael

Complexity is a fundamental part of product design and manufacturing today, owing to increased demands for customization and advances in digital design techniques. Assembling and repairing such an enormous variety of components means that workers are cognitively challenged, take longer to search for the relevant information and are prone to making mistakes. Although in recent years deep learning approaches to object recognition have seen rapid advances, the combined potential of deep learning and augmented reality in the industrial domain remains relatively under explored. In this paper we introduce AR-ProMO, a combined hardware/software solution that provides a generalizable assistance system for identifying mistakes during product assembly and repair.

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Worker Assistance in Smart Production Environments Using Pervasive Technologies

2019 , Dhiman, Hitesh , Röcker, Carsten

Recent trends towards digitization in the industrial domain are also driving profound socio-technical changes. On the one hand, these technologies enable shorter product lifecycles and servitization, but on the other hand, the increasing technical complexity of the equipment makes its operation and maintenance a challenge for workers. Assistance systems using pervasive technologies can bridge the gap between the abilities of the workers and the demands of handling technical complexity by enriching workplace activities with relevant, context-dependent information. In this paper, we present an application that replaces a conventional, paper-based maintenance manual with digital, Augmented Reality based instructions that are delivered at the appropriate place and time.

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Head-mounted displays in industrial AR-applications: Ready for prime time?

2018 , Dhiman, Hitesh , Martinez, Sascha , Paelke, Volker , Röcker, Carsten

The latest generation of head-mounted displays such as HoloLens provide mixed reality capabilities that claim to better integrate the real and virtual worlds. In this paper, we would like the share our experiences in implementing a user interface for an assembly assistance system using the HoloLens. We carried out a preliminary evaluation of the applicability of mixed reality using the perspective of developers and expert users in an assembly scenario that allows us to operate and compare two interfaces - a state-of-the-art projector display system and the HoloLens. We believe our findings may contribute towards a better understanding of the effects of new display technologies such as the HoloLens in developing and using assistance systems in other fields as well. Areas that may be of future research are also highlighted.

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Addressing uncertainties in complex manufacturing environments: A multidisciplinary approach

2019 , Dhiman, Hitesh , Plewe, Daniela Alina , Röcker, Carsten

With the introduction of intelligent and autonomous systems into factory environments, workplaces where human employees work alongside digital counterparts will become increasingly informational. We develop a generic framework for hypothetical workplaces to investigate how complexities create to uncertainties. Complexity may be explained through the Level of Abstractions used to model a system, and it is encountered in its dynamic form as an alteration of information flow between agents in a phenomenological relationship. Analyzing these systems as 'information flows' brings to light the uncertainity(ies) the workers of the future will have to cope with. We develop first concepts that can be used to develop heuristics to manage these uncertainties in complex manufacturing environments. These heuristics may also be useful in creating optimized workplaces that combine the individual abilities of both humans and machines. The framework proposed in this paper may be subject for an empirical validation of these heuristics in the future.

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A multi-device assistive system for industrial maintenance operations

2018 , Heinz, Mario , Dhiman, Hitesh , Röcker, Carsten

Recent advances in the field of industrial digitization and automation lead to an increasing need for assistance systems to support workers in various fields of activity, such as assembly, logistics and maintenance. Current assistance systems for the maintenance area are usually based on a single visualization technology. However, in our view, this is not practicable in terms of real activities, as these operations involve various subtasks for which different interaction concepts would be advantageous. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a concept for a multi-device assistive system, which combines multiple devices to provide workers with relevant information over different subtasks of a maintenance operation and present our first prototype for such a system.

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