Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Feasibility study of joining of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites and aluminium alloys by electron beam welding for use in lightweight construction

2023-05-12 , Yalcinyüz, Behiye Aybike , Brunner-Schwer, Christian , Biegler, Max , Rethmeier, Michael

In recent years, new solutions to reduce the weight of components used in the automotive, railway, and aircraft industries have been researched. Carbon Fibre Composites (CFC) have been used to replace metals in products requiring lightweight construction, such as aircraft or high-performance vehicles due to their exceptional mechanical strength. However, the use of CFCs is limited by the reason of their poor thermal conductivity, particularly on components requiring effective dissipation of power losses. To respond to the requirements, the idea of the material combination of metals and polymer-based composites is proposed. In this study, electron beam welding is used for the joining of aluminium alloys and polymer-based composites. Within the experiments, the relevant process parameters such as beam current, welding speed, and heat input have been optimized to achieve the welding of the aluminium alloys. Then, the joining of aluminium alloys and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites has been investigated through the optimized welding process parameters for aluminium alloys. Conclusions are drawn regarding the carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composites (PA6-CF) and aluminium alloys (AlMg3) being joinable through electron beams.

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A life cycle assessment of joining processes in the automotive industry, illustrated by the example of an EV battery case

2023 , Brunner-Schwer, Christian , Lemke, Josefine , Biegler, Max , Schmolke, Tobias , Spohr, Sebastian , Meschut, Gerson , Eckstein, Lutz , Rethmeier, Michael

Current ecological, economic and social changes are leading to a change in development, design and production of future vehicles. In this context, it is the stated goal of many manufacturers to advance the development of an environmentally friendly vehicle and climate-neutral production throughout the entire supply chain. This study presents a comparative life cycle assessment of the joining processes laser beam welding, laser brazing and resistance spot welding. For this purpose, an approach tailored to welding processes is presented and applied to the example of a battery case for electric vehicles. For the welding process under consideration, the main influences on the resulting environmental impact categories are evaluated and compared. The requirements for ecologically efficient welding processes are discussed and outlined. The results show that particularly the materials involved, such as the consumption of the filler material, have the greatest environmental impact and thus offer the greatest potential for savings.

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On Welding of High-Strength Steels Using Laser Beam Welding and Resistance Spot Weld Bonding with Emphasis on Seam Leak Tightness

2023 , Schmolke, Tobias , Brunner-Schwer, Christian , Biegler, Max , Rethmeier, Michael , Meschut, Gerson

The design of most electric vehicles provides for the positioning of the heavy energy storage units in the underbody of the cars. In addition to crash safety, the battery housing has to meet high requirements for gas tightness. In order to test the use of high-strength steels for this sub-assembly, this paper examines welded joints utilizing resistance spot weld bonding and laser remote welding, with special regard to the gas tightness of the welds. For this purpose, the pressure difference test and helium sniffer leak detection are presented and applied. The combination of both leak test methods has proven ideal in experimental investigations. For laser remote welding, gas-tight seams can be achieved with an inter-sheet gap of 0.1 mm, even if occasionally leaking samples cannot be prevented. Resistance spot welding suits gas-tight joining with both one- and two-component adhesives. Against the background of leak tightness, process fluctuations that lead to weld spatter and defects in the adhesive layer must be prevented with high priority.

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