Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Patterns for Resilient Value Creation: Perspective of the German Electrical Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 , Neumann, Konstantin , Erp, Tim van , Steinhöfel, Erik , Sieckmann, Felix , Kohl, Holger

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive, often unanticipated, external disruption for many companies. As a concept for responding to such disruption, organizational resilience has recently received great attention. In the organizational context, the overriding question is how companies can become more resilient. This study aims to contribute to answering this question by identifying, categorizing, and providing specific business model patterns for achieving resilience on the corporate level. For this purpose, a review of publications by major consulting firms was conducted. Patterns were extracted from publications until a convergence criterion indicated that no new pattern could be identified considering further publications. The 110 extracted unique patterns were clustered into 13 objectives, and additionally categorized according to resilience phases, as well as business model elements, to support the application in practice. The final catalog of patterns was validated through expert interviews and thus provides organizations, such as those in the electrical industry, with an overview and specific approaches on how to tackle industrial resilience through the adaption of their business model.

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Interaktives Lagebild - Ein Werkzeug für das Krisenmanagement in prozessorientierten Unternehmen

2021 , Kohl, Holger , Knothe, Thomas , Oertwig, Nicole , Gering, Patrick , Scholz, Julia-Anne

Viele Unternehmen bringt die Krise um den Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in existenzielle Nöte. Der plötzliche Ausfall von Zulieferern und Kunden oder eine kurzfristige Änderung von Regularien (z. B. Kurzarbeitsregeln) stellen Betriebe vor Herausforderungen. Hinzu kommen sich laufend ändernde Einflüsse und Informationsquellen. Ein gemeinsames Lagebild bietet Einsatzkräften im Sicherheitsbereich seit langem Orientierung und wird nun auch für Unternehmen relevant. Die Verknüpfung und Visualisierung von externen Informationen aus dem Unternehmensumfeld (z. B. Corona-Fallzahlen in der Region eines Hauptzulieferers) mit den internen Fähigkeiten eines Unternehmens (z. B. Verfügbarkeit der Mitarbeiter) bleibt jedoch ein ungelöstes Problem. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie ein Lagebild auch für Unternehmen zu einem zielgerichteten Handeln beitragen kann.

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Demand-oriented barriers and potentials for remanufacturing in Vietnam

2020 , Guidat, Thomas , Wewer, Aleksandra , Kohl, Holger , Seliger, Günther

Since the liberalisation of its economy, Vietnam has emerged as a key location for investment in workforce-intensive assembly processes operation, through an available and cheap workforce. Soaring national consumption levels for goods and services generate in turn unprecedented quantities of waste to be treated locally. In 2015, governmental decision 16/2015/QÐ-TTg set a basis for a national waste legislation for mechanical and electronic equipment goods. Remanufacturing is a non-destructive, industrial reuse strategy which aims at restoring products to original specifications by reusing a maximum number of original components in their current form. It has potential to provide Vietnam with an alternative to low value-added repair activities. As Vietnam is the fourth market for motorcycles in the world, this paper presents a case study about barriers and potentials for remanufacturing from the market and customer perspective. Potential solutions for supporting industrial development are suggested.

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Entwicklung eines Assistenzsystems zur Konfiguration und Implementierung von GPS. GPS-Einführung in KMU der Pharmaindustrie

2020 , Sieckmann, Felix , Kohl, Holger

The introduction of a Lean Production System (LPS) is a suitable means of enhancing competitiveness. For small and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies such an introduction is a challenge due to industry characteristics. A methodology for the selection, configuration and implementation of suitable methods was developed and made available in the form of software to support the introduction of LPS in small and medium-sized pharmaceutical companies.

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A contribution to the interpretation of organizational resilience (Or) based on the analysis of key drivers and conceptual elements

2021 , Hecklau, Fabian , Kidschun, Florian , Kohl, Holger , Hizal, Gamze Gül

Organizations are increasingly confronted with unexpected events, which can occur within or outside the organization and relate to various dimensions or aspects. The significance and extent of its impact on the organization can be quite surprising (Duchek 2020). Despite the fact that academic interest in this subject area has grown steadily in recent years, its conceptualization is not yet fully developed. There is no consensus on the meaning of resilience and the elements it contains. This paper contributes to the understanding and need for organizational resilience (OR) and also reveals gaps in its conceptualization. Resilience is understood as the ability of an organization to repel, prepare for, consider, absorb, recover from and adapt ever more successfully to actual or potential adverse events. Those events are either catastrophes or processes of change with catastrophic outcome which can have human, technical or natural causes.(Thoma 2014) In order to survive in an uncertain environment and promote future success, organizations must be able to deal with all these manifestations of the unexpected and catapult themselves out of the crisis. They have to develop a capacity for resilience that enables them to react appropriately to unexpected events and to make capital from events that could potentially threaten the survival of an organization (Lengnick-Hall et al. 2011; Duchek 2020; Denyer 2017; Aguilar 1967). In literature and practice, there are various approaches to OR, which consist of phase models that also allow an assessment of an organization as resilience using a maturity model. From the examined methods in this paper it follows that the resilience capability is questioned only after occurrence of an adverse event and no "preparation phase" according to the Fraunhofer resilience cycle exists. This ex post approach endangers not only the competitive position, but also the existence of an organization.

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Literature review: Impact assessment of research and technology organizations

2020 , Kidschun, Florian , Hecklau, Fabian , Kohl, Holger , Sarikaya, B.

Due to their ability to bridge the gap between knowledge created by basic research and market requirements, Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) play a major role in countries' innovation systems. Their R&D results should lead to innovations, which in turn generate the economic output of public investment in research and development. Moreover, they should support the foundation of new companies and industrial innovations. Given the continuing pressures of growing challenges, such as the digital transformation with its significant impact on organizations of all sectors, the changing behavior of customers and the rise of new business models, there is a higher demand for evaluating the actual contribution of RTOs in national innovation systems. It becomes essential for policy makers to gain a transparent insight into relevant and comprehensive performance metrics showing the impact of RTOs from a micro- and macroeconomic perspective. This is complemented by the increase of interest and funding in research and innovation in both public and private sectors. Governments and other clients seek to determine the value of their investments in applied R&D. Simply stating assumptions of achieving a positive impact is not enough anymore, RTOs must provide robust evidence that this impact is actually being accomplished by their research and innovation activities. Yet, the definition of impact and its operationalization in specific performance indicators seem to differ across literature. Against this background, this contribution aims to review impact assessment studies to address the challenge of a missing standard of impact assessment methods for RTOs. Therefore, existing impact studies of RTOs are to be analyzed and compared according to their overall approaches, frameworks and metrics. Therewith, possible limitations among the different assessment strands will be identified. Moreover, further methodological development possibilities for the impact assessment of RTOs will be discussed.

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Characteristics and Skills of Leadership in the Context of Industry 4.0

2020 , Guzmán, Valeria E. , Muschard, Bernd , Gerolamo, Mateus , Kohl, Holger , Rozenfeld, Henrique

Leadership is essential in organizations to successfully promote a culture of innovation. Consequently, leaders assume a crucial role in the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0. This paper aims to present key leadership characteristics and skills in the context of Industry 4.0. It was based mainly on a literature review about leadership and Industry 4.0. This work results in 10 leadership characteristics found for industry 4.0 and their relationship with 4 leadership skills groups: cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, business skills, and strategic skills. The organizations might consider these skills as requirements for the leaders in the transition process towards Industry 4.0.

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Development of a Conceptual Understanding of the term Technological Capability

2021 , Hecklau, Fabian , Kidschun, Florian , Kohl, Holger , Hizal, Gamze Gül

The term "technological capability" has been studied for almost 40 years. It is an important component of technology strategy that contributes to the success and strengthening of organizations competitiveness. There are numerous attempts to define the term in the literature, but it is always used in different contexts. Thus, the definition of technological capability varies depending on the researcher's perspective and objectives. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop an own definition and interpretation of the term technological capability. To this end, an extensive literature review will be conducted to examine the basic concepts and management areas of technological capability and to analyze the individual definitions of the term. The subsequent goal is to derive an understanding of what technological capability is in terms of research and technology organizations.

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Design alternatives for internationally distributed learning factories in global production engineering

2020 , Schumacher, Bastian C. , Steinbach, Anja , Vi, Nguyen H. , Yükseltürk, Ahmet , Kohl, Holger , Krüger, Jörg , Quoc, Huy Nguyen

An internationally distributed learning factory (IDLF) provides opportunities to make students aware of intercultural challenges in global production networks. An IDLF is a scalable network of learning factories with value creation processes in spatially distributed locations. It enables collaboration and competition between student groups in distant locations and considers manual and automatic process methods. Due to the high number of design alternatives for IDLFs, a systematic approach for describing attractive characteristics is required. This paper shows design alternatives for IDLFs structural and process organization on the example of learning factories in Germany, Turkey and Vietnam.

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Intuitive Werkzeuge für ein durchgehendes Engineering. Technologieintegrierte Fabrikplanung für KMU

2020 , Glodde, Ilona , Scholz, Hannes , Knothe, Thomas , Kohl, Holger

Für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) ist die Fabrikplanung mit digitalen Werkzeugen und Methoden in der Regel nicht wirtschaftlich, obwohl sie die gleichen Qualitätsanforderungen an die Fabrikplanung stellen wie große Unternehmen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie auf Basis von Unternehmensmodellen die technologieintegrierte Fabrikplanung wirtschaftlich die Planungsqualität steigert, indem sie bereits in der frühen Entwicklungsphase Kernelemente der Planung synchronisiert: Fabrikkonzept, Fertigungsprozesse, Technologien und Digitalisierung.

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