Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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  • Publication
    Stufenmodell zur Strukturierung digitaler Assistenzfunktionen: Digital assistierte Montageplanung
    ( 2020)
    Bußwinkel, L.
    ;
    Hauk, J.-C.
    ;
    Schneider, H.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Die Montageplanung ist durch große manuelle Aufwände sowie eine auf Erfahrungen und Expertenwissen basierende Entscheidungsfindung geprägt. Trotz zahlreicher Forschungsaktivitäten wird nur eine geringe Automatisierung der Montageplanung erreicht. Daher wird für die Montageplanung ein Assistenzstufenmodell erarbeitet, das zukünftig eine systematische Entwicklung digitaler Assistenzsysteme erlaubt, die in der industriellen Praxis einen Mehrwert erzeugen.
  • Publication
    An optimal algorithm for the robotic assembly system design problem: An industrial case study
    ( 2020)
    Hagemann, S.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    The design process of flow-oriented assembly systems is characterized by being both highly complex and time consuming. Especially those design processes categorized into robotic and multi variant encountered in the automotive body-in-white production stages. Unlike established manual and template-based assembly system design models, which are currently applied in industry, the here presented novel approach uses a knowledge-based search algorithm and automatically generates optimal assembly system configurations. The algorithm has been implemented in a software prototype and the results have been validated against different large-size industrial scenarios in the automotive field of body-in-white production.
  • Publication
    An Ensemble Learning based Hierarchical Multi-label Classification Approach to Identify Impacts of Engineering Changes
    ( 2020)
    Pan, Y.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    In the process of complex products development, design decisions of products are constantly changed to improve quality or functionality, reduce costs, respond to statutory constraints or implement wishes from customers, with respect to new functionality. The changes on already released design decisions are known as Engineering Changes (EC). Due to interdependency, changes on one component may cause changes on another, and this will spread along the product structure. Therefore, to completely identify the affected components of engineering changes is a major challenge. This paper presents a novel approach to use properties of components as target variables and applying the predicted properties to locate the EC affected components in product structure. We create a hierarchy of the properties and divide the label space into separate communities. A stacked multi-label classifier is trained in each community, the result is obtained by union of assigned labels from different communities. Finally, the predicted labels are adjusted by incorporating the hierarchical relation. Experiments conducted on real-world industrial EC dataset with mixed data types. Results demonstrated that, the ensemble framework in our approach is more efficient and effective than our baseline models and has achieved superior performance on real industrial engineering change data.
  • Publication
    Integration of automated structure mechanic analyses into production process simulation
    ( 2019)
    Schmitz, M.B.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    To produce individual variants of a given product, each variant has to be assessed with respect to their mechanical integrity. This is usually done in the course of product design by assessing all required variants. However, during the lifetime of a product several changes of the existing variants occur or new variants will be created. In this paper a method is described how to integrate and automate the assessment of the mechanical integrity of the product variants directly into the production process by exploiting modern computer methods and automated set-up of state-of-the-art CAE methods. We show this on a demonstrator of a smart factory, that produces disks which can be customized to a large extend. The disks undergo a milling process, which alters the structural properties of the disks. Generally, it cannot be guaranteed upfront that a variant that can be produced is also strong enough to withstand the loads in the application. Therefore, the integrated FEM analyses are computing and assessing the load cases deduced from the use cases of the disks and the loads that occur during milling and handling in the factory. The assessment of the results is done automatically and if positive the production process is started.
  • Publication
    Development capabilities for smart products
    ( 2019)
    Tomiyama, T.
    ;
    Lutters, E.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    ;
    Abramovici, M.
    Smart products supported by new step-changing technologies, such as Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, are now emerging in the market. Smart products are cyber physical systems with services through Internet connection. For example, smart vehicles equipped with advanced embedded intelligence are connected to other vehicles, people, and environment, and offer innovative data-driven services. Since smart products are software-intensive, data-driven, and service-conscious, their development clearly needs new capabilities underpinned by advanced tools, methods, and models. This paper reviews the status and trends of these emerging development technologies such as model-based systems engineering and digital twin.
  • Publication
    Introducing Product Service System Architectures for realizing Circular Economy
    ( 2019)
    Halstenberg, F.A.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Product-Service Systems (PSS) as well as modular products can act as an enabler for Circular Economy (CE). Products and services have to be developed concurrently in order to be attuned properly. In product design, developers have to fulfil various requirements such as functional and cost targets. Integrating requirements regarding CE and developing products and services simultaneously makes their task even more complex and challenging. In concept design, the outline or rough concept of the product is defined. In order to develop functional PSS and to integrate CE goals in the stage of concept design, the authors propose Integrated Product Service Systems Architectures (IPSSAs), which depict physical product architectures and services architectures in one integrated model. This paper presents first findings on how IPSSAs can be realized. An analysis of different modelling notations was conducted and an exemplary application on a use case was performed. The findings lead to further research steps on the path to a method for modularizing PSS for CE.
  • Publication
    Neural Network Hyperparameter Optimization for the Assisted Selection of Assembly Equipment
    ( 2019)
    Hagemann, S.
    ;
    Sünnetcioglu, A.
    ;
    Fahse, T.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    The design of assembly systems has been mainly a manual task including activities such as gathering and analyzing product data, deriving the production process and assigning suitable manufacturing resources. Especially in the early phases of assembly system design in automotive industry, the complexity reaches a substantial level, caused by the increasing number of product variants and the decreased time to market. In order to mitigate the arising challenges, researchers are continuously developing novel methods to support the design of assembly systems. This paper presents an artificial intelligence system for assisting production engineers in the selection of suitable equipment for highly automated assembly systems.
  • Publication
    Configuration Equilibrium Model of Product Variant Design Driven by Customer Requirements
    ( 2019)
    Yang, Q.
    ;
    Bian, X.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    ;
    Fresemann, C.
    ;
    Song, F.
    In view of the dynamic change of customer requirements (CRs) during the process of product use, in this paper we propose a Bayesian Nash equilibrium configuration model for product variant design driven by CRs. By analyzing CRs, the complete variant requirements of the products can be obtained. Combined with modularization and parameterization variant design methods, a parametric variant instance is proposed. Since cost and delivery time are affected by the product variant design, firms and customers are established as two decision-making bodies, and Bayesian Nash theory is introduced to the product configuration. The theory takes the product cost and customer satisfaction as the payoff function of the game, and based on the threshold value search of the customer satisfaction it determines the strategy set of the two parties. The Nash equilibrium solution equation is established and solved by a simulated annealing algorithm. The optimal product configuration scheme satisfying the interests of both sides of the game is obtained. Finally, the automatic guided vehicle (AGV) is taken as an example to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the method.
  • Publication
    Leveraging circular economy through a methodology for smart service systems engineering
    ( 2019)
    Halstenberg, F.A.
    ;
    Lindow, K.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Product Service Systems (PSS) and Smart Services are powerful means for deploying Circular Economy (CE) goals in industrial practices, through dematerialization, extension of product lifetime and efficiency increase by digitization. Within this article, approaches from PSS design, Smart Service design and Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are combined to form a Methodology for Smart Service Architecture Definition (MESSIAH). First, analyses of present system modelling procedures and systems modelling notations in terms of their suitability for Smart Service development are presented. The results indicate that current notations and tools do not entirely fit the requirements of Smart Service development, but that they can be adapted in order to do so. The developed methodology includes a modelling language system, the MESSIAH Blueprinting framework, a systematic procedure and MESSIAH CE, which is specifically designed for addressing CE strategies and practices. The methodology was validated on the example of a Smart Sustainable Street Light System for Cycling Security (SHEILA). MESSIAH proved useful to help Smart Service design teams develop service-driven and robust Smart Services. By applying MESSIAH CE, a sustainable Smart Service, which addresses CE goals, has been developed.
  • Publication
    Approaching Knowledge Dynamics Across the Product Development Process with Methods of Social Research
    ( 2019)
    Wang, W.M.
    ;
    Mörike, F.
    ;
    Hergesell, J.
    ;
    Baur, N.
    ;
    Feufel, M.
    ;
    Stark, R.
    Knowledge is a crucial factor in state-of-the-art product development. It is often provided by stakeholders from divers disciplinary and individual backgrounds and has to be integrated to create competitive products. Still, it is not fully understood, how knowledge is generated, transformed, transferred and integrated in complex product development processes. To investigate the dynamic interrelations between involved stakeholders, applied knowledge types and related artefacts, researchers at the TU Berlin conducted and evaluated a student experiment to study basic phenomena of development projects. In relation to research methods and instruments applied in this experiment, various improvement opportunities were identified. In this paper, the experimental setting and its results are critically analysed from a social science perspective in order to generate improved research design. Based on the results of this analysis, a first set of methods and instruments from social sciences are identified that can be applied in further experiments. The goal is to develop a methodological toolbox that can be used to approach research on knowledge dynamics in product development.