Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Product remanufacturing

1999 , Zussmann, E. , Seliger, G.

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Optimization of multiple panel fitting in automobile assembly

1995 , Khorzad, D. , Shi, J. , Hu, S.J. , Ni, J. , Zussmann, E. , Seliger, G.

A systematic approach is presented to obtain improved panel fit quality through the use of an optimum panel fitting strategy. The objective of the optimal panel fitting strategy is to determine the location of the panels on the automobile body such that the gap and flush variation of the panel fit are minimized. This approach uses measurement data from both the panels and the body-in-white (BIW) to determine the optimum position of multiple panels in an automobile body opening. First, some indices are defined to quantify the quality of a panel fit. Second, the sources of variation in the gap and flush are presented. Then the multiple panel fitting problem is formulated into a constrained optimization model. The effects of the optimization model and algorithm by reducing the within-car gap and flush variation on average by 24,3 % and by as much as 43,4 % in the case study presented.

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Analysis of the geometrical features detectability constraints for laser-scanner sensor planning

1994 , Seliger, G. , Zussmann, E. , Schuler, H.

This paper presents a planning approach or automatically synthesis of the viewpoint locations of a laser scanner that satisfy the detectability constaints of the geometrical feature of a given object. Dominant constraints taken into consideration were: the laser scanner field of view, depth of view, and the maximum permissible view angle. The approach is task driven and sensor model based. Information is given about the scanned object and its selected features, as well as about the optical characteristics of the sensor. Planning is presented as an optimization problem where the optimal laser scanner viewpoint must satisfy all the constraints simultaneously. The approach is demonstrated by scanning a 2D feature, and through planning an experiment in which robotic assembly of a car door is assisted by a laser scanner.

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Grouping of used products for cellular recycling systems

1995 , Hentschel, C. , Seliger, G. , Zussmann, E.

This paper presents an approach to recycling system planning for used products at their end-of-life phase. We focused on the design of cellular recycling systems by using group technology. Current approaches employ design and process attributes for group formation in manufacturing. The recycling process of a product, however, is characterized by uncertainties due to usage influences on the product. We introduce in this paper usage attributes in addition to those mentioned above. In order to consider the usage attributes, fuzzy-set theory is applied. The approach is illustrated by designing a cellular system for the recycling of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) from used monitors and TV sets.

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Optimal fitting of objects based on range images - a planning approach assisted by local and global measurement matching

1994 , Schuler, H. , Zussmann, E. , Seliger, G.

This paper presents a planning approach for optimal fitting of objects based on range image data of a laser scanner (triangulationbased). The approach includes two steps: local and global fitting. Local is based on matching each measurement to a nominal feature resulting in geometrical transformation parameters for each one of them. While several measurements are taken on a rigid body global aspects of the object must be taken into account such as: parallelism, or alignment of features. Therefore a global matching is introduce dregarding all the measurements simultaneously. Planning is presented as an optimization problem which results in the best fitting parameters. The approach is demonstrated by fitting a 2D object, and through planning an experiment in which robotic assembly of a car door is assisted by range image data.

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Disassembly oriented assessment methodology to support design for recycling

1994 , Seliger, G. , Kriwet, A. , Zussmann, E.

This paper describes an assessment methodology to support product design for "end-of-life" phase. It is based on the assessment of feasible options for disassembling a product and applying recycling processes to its components and subassemblies. The methodology balances the future effort to be invested in recycling processes with the future benefit regainable by reduction of dumping fees and sale of recovered materials, components and subassemblies. It identifies the optimal recycling strategy for a given product with respect to multiple economical and environmental objectives of the designer. The assessment aids the designer by allowing him to compare design alternatives and identify weak spots of the design. The methodology is illustrated by assessing alternative future scenarios for the recycling of a washing machine subassembly.

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Systematic integration of design-for- recycling into product design

1995 , Kriwet, A. , Zussmann, E. , Seliger, G.

This paper presents an approach for incorporating recycling considerations into product design. The approach regards the recycling aspects of product design, different recycling processes and the product logistic support during the end-of-life stage. The concept of a recycling network is introduced which consists of the designer, consumers, recyclers and suppliers, allowing the effective exchange of information and handshaking for cooperation. Guidelines dedicated to design-for-recycling are presented to assist the designer to develop a recycling friendly product reflecting the objectives of all network partners. The approach is demonstrated by investigating current industrial product recyclability features and further improving them by applying design-for-recycling guidelines.

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Integration of recycling considerations into product design - a system approach

1994 , Seliger, G. , Zussmann, E. , Kriwet, A.

This paper presents an integrative approach for design-for-recycling of products. A system approach is suggested integrating the products recycling feautres, the recycling process and the product logistic support during the products life cycle. Design-for-recycling is defined as a design for ease of product and maximum output. Rules dedicated for design-for-recycling are given particularly to the disassembly process of a product during the recycling stage. The design approach is demonstrated by investigating a washing machine as a representative of a "white" household machines family. The recyclability of the machine is evaluated, where different design-forrecycling rules are applied in order to improve the machine recycling characteristics.

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