Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Resilienz im strategischen Management produzierender Unternehmen. Konzeptpapier

2021 , Schuh, Günther , Patzwald, Marc , Krebs, Leonie , Dumitrescu, Roman , Rasor, Rik , Sihn, Wilfried , Steinwender, Arko , Sala, Alessandro , Kohl, Holger , Knothe, Thomas , Singer, Katrin , Hecklau, Fabian

Während Resilienz in anderen Managementdisziplinen, wie etwa im Bereich der Lieferketten, bereits seit längerer Zeit Einzug gehalten hat, existieren für das strategische Management von produzierenden Unternehmen kaum systematische Untersuchungen zu dessen Integration. Im Rahmen des Konzeptpapiers werden dem Leser daher konzeptionelle Ansatzpunkte aufgezeigt, wie Resilienz als neue normative Zielgröße in exemplarischen Teilstrategien des Strategiesystems produzierender Unternehmen Berücksichtigung findet (bspw. der Unternehmens-, Technologie- und Innovations-, Engineering- sowie Produktionsstrategie).

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Patterns for Resilient Value Creation: Perspective of the German Electrical Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 , Neumann, Konstantin , Erp, Tim van , Steinhöfel, Erik , Sieckmann, Felix , Kohl, Holger

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive, often unanticipated, external disruption for many companies. As a concept for responding to such disruption, organizational resilience has recently received great attention. In the organizational context, the overriding question is how companies can become more resilient. This study aims to contribute to answering this question by identifying, categorizing, and providing specific business model patterns for achieving resilience on the corporate level. For this purpose, a review of publications by major consulting firms was conducted. Patterns were extracted from publications until a convergence criterion indicated that no new pattern could be identified considering further publications. The 110 extracted unique patterns were clustered into 13 objectives, and additionally categorized according to resilience phases, as well as business model elements, to support the application in practice. The final catalog of patterns was validated through expert interviews and thus provides organizations, such as those in the electrical industry, with an overview and specific approaches on how to tackle industrial resilience through the adaption of their business model.

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Design alternatives for internationally distributed learning factories in global production engineering

2020 , Schumacher, Bastian C. , Steinbach, Anja , Vi, Nguyen H. , Yükseltürk, Ahmet , Kohl, Holger , Krüger, Jörg , Quoc, Huy Nguyen

An internationally distributed learning factory (IDLF) provides opportunities to make students aware of intercultural challenges in global production networks. An IDLF is a scalable network of learning factories with value creation processes in spatially distributed locations. It enables collaboration and competition between student groups in distant locations and considers manual and automatic process methods. Due to the high number of design alternatives for IDLFs, a systematic approach for describing attractive characteristics is required. This paper shows design alternatives for IDLFs structural and process organization on the example of learning factories in Germany, Turkey and Vietnam.

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Sustainable Corporate Development: A Resource-Oriented Approach

2020 , Orth, Ronald , Kohl, Holger , Galeitzke, Mila

Sustainable corporate development can be understood as a strategy that respects not only economic goals but also environmental and social aspects, weigh against each other and thus, ensures the long-term business success. The number of enterprises that are oriented towards corporate sustainability has increased in recent years, but the implementation still encounters a variety of limits. The goal of this chapter is the development of an integrated approach to foster sustainable development on the corporate level. In this context, not only tangible resources (e.g. raw material, energy or machines) but in particular intangible resources (e.g. expertise and professional competence of the employees, corporate culture or relations with stakeholders) are considered key success factors for a sustainable corporate development. For its application, the integrated approach provides a set of instruments and procedures, which can be used for the purpose of analysis, planning, controlling and reporting of sustainable corporate development.

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A contribution to the interpretation of organizational resilience (Or) based on the analysis of key drivers and conceptual elements

2021 , Hecklau, Fabian , Kidschun, Florian , Kohl, Holger , Hizal, Gamze Gül

Organizations are increasingly confronted with unexpected events, which can occur within or outside the organization and relate to various dimensions or aspects. The significance and extent of its impact on the organization can be quite surprising (Duchek 2020). Despite the fact that academic interest in this subject area has grown steadily in recent years, its conceptualization is not yet fully developed. There is no consensus on the meaning of resilience and the elements it contains. This paper contributes to the understanding and need for organizational resilience (OR) and also reveals gaps in its conceptualization. Resilience is understood as the ability of an organization to repel, prepare for, consider, absorb, recover from and adapt ever more successfully to actual or potential adverse events. Those events are either catastrophes or processes of change with catastrophic outcome which can have human, technical or natural causes.(Thoma 2014) In order to survive in an uncertain environment and promote future success, organizations must be able to deal with all these manifestations of the unexpected and catapult themselves out of the crisis. They have to develop a capacity for resilience that enables them to react appropriately to unexpected events and to make capital from events that could potentially threaten the survival of an organization (Lengnick-Hall et al. 2011; Duchek 2020; Denyer 2017; Aguilar 1967). In literature and practice, there are various approaches to OR, which consist of phase models that also allow an assessment of an organization as resilience using a maturity model. From the examined methods in this paper it follows that the resilience capability is questioned only after occurrence of an adverse event and no "preparation phase" according to the Fraunhofer resilience cycle exists. This ex post approach endangers not only the competitive position, but also the existence of an organization.

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White Paper »RESYST«. Resiliente Wertschöpfung in der produzierenden Industrie - innovativ, erfolgreich, krisenfest

2021 , Buß, Dominik , Gebauer, Heiko , Glawar, Robert , Heller, Thomas , Klan, Steffen , Knothe, Thomas , Kohl, Holger , Sai, Brandon , Schmidtke, Niels , Stenzel, Fabian , Werner, Markus , Wilms, Marcel

Ziel des White Papers zum Thema Resiliente Wertschöpfung ist es, die Ergebnisse aus dem Fraunhofer-Innovationsprogramm Resiliente Wertschöpfungssysteme (»RESYST«) einer breiten Öffentlichkeit aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik zugänglich zu machen. Im Lichte aktueller Erfahrungen aus der Corona-Pandemie, aber auch der Hochwasserkatastrophe greift das Innovationsprogramm die Anforderungen des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland an resiliente und dynamische Wertschöpfungssysteme bei gleichbleibend hoher Produktivität und Individualisierung auf. Resilienz gegenüber Krisen und Störfällen aller Art entwickelt sich somit zum entscheidenden Wettbewerbsfaktor.

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Analyzing the role of research and technology organizations (RTOs) in national innovation systems (NIS)

2020 , Hecklau, Fabian , Kidschun, Florian , Kohl, Holger , Tominaj, S.

This paper conducts an extensive literature review to derive the role and positioning of Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) in National Innovation Systems (NIS). Special attention is paid to the identification of main actors and the structure of a national innovation system in order to define the term ""applied research organizations"" and to analyse research and development, as they enable to describe the structure of innovation systems. The innovative performance of a country depends on the functionality of its national innovation systems, the active interaction of the involved actors and the technological maturity of the NIS (OECD 1997). NIS are defined as networks of institutions in the private and public sector that interact with each other to develop, modify and transform new technologies. They take over different activities and functions between basic research and market maturity. (Freeman 1995) In a NIS, different actors are active in promoting innovation. In general, a corporate sector generates the demand for innovation and a network of organizations consisting of universities, laboratories and political institutions acts as a supporting part. Together, they contribute to advancements in their fields. (Teubal 2002). Thus, the analysis of NIS represents a possible approach for the identification of actors, their field of actuation and especially of the role of RTOs. For these purposes, one of the best-known structuring approaches is the triple helix model of innovation, which focuses on the three main actors: science, industry and government. (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995; Ranga and Etzkowitz 2013) When analyzing the main actors of this system, it becomes clear that RTOs play a significant role for national innovation systems. RTOs are driving forces of digital transformation and economic growth as they increase innovation-related capabilities in industry and develop state-of-the-art technologies. As intermediaries between universities and private organizations, RTOs act as connecting organizations in the innovation system and pursue innovation for economy, society and governments.

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Development of a Conceptual Understanding of the term Technological Capability

2021 , Hecklau, Fabian , Kidschun, Florian , Kohl, Holger , Hizal, Gamze Gül

The term "technological capability" has been studied for almost 40 years. It is an important component of technology strategy that contributes to the success and strengthening of organizations competitiveness. There are numerous attempts to define the term in the literature, but it is always used in different contexts. Thus, the definition of technological capability varies depending on the researcher's perspective and objectives. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop an own definition and interpretation of the term technological capability. To this end, an extensive literature review will be conducted to examine the basic concepts and management areas of technological capability and to analyze the individual definitions of the term. The subsequent goal is to derive an understanding of what technological capability is in terms of research and technology organizations.

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Interaktives Lagebild - Ein Werkzeug für das Krisenmanagement in prozessorientierten Unternehmen

2021 , Kohl, Holger , Knothe, Thomas , Oertwig, Nicole , Gering, Patrick , Scholz, Julia-Anne

Viele Unternehmen bringt die Krise um den Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in existenzielle Nöte. Der plötzliche Ausfall von Zulieferern und Kunden oder eine kurzfristige Änderung von Regularien (z. B. Kurzarbeitsregeln) stellen Betriebe vor Herausforderungen. Hinzu kommen sich laufend ändernde Einflüsse und Informationsquellen. Ein gemeinsames Lagebild bietet Einsatzkräften im Sicherheitsbereich seit langem Orientierung und wird nun auch für Unternehmen relevant. Die Verknüpfung und Visualisierung von externen Informationen aus dem Unternehmensumfeld (z. B. Corona-Fallzahlen in der Region eines Hauptzulieferers) mit den internen Fähigkeiten eines Unternehmens (z. B. Verfügbarkeit der Mitarbeiter) bleibt jedoch ein ungelöstes Problem. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie ein Lagebild auch für Unternehmen zu einem zielgerichteten Handeln beitragen kann.

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Characteristics and Skills of Leadership in the Context of Industry 4.0

2020 , Guzmán, Valeria E. , Muschard, Bernd , Gerolamo, Mateus , Kohl, Holger , Rozenfeld, Henrique

Leadership is essential in organizations to successfully promote a culture of innovation. Consequently, leaders assume a crucial role in the paradigm shift towards Industry 4.0. This paper aims to present key leadership characteristics and skills in the context of Industry 4.0. It was based mainly on a literature review about leadership and Industry 4.0. This work results in 10 leadership characteristics found for industry 4.0 and their relationship with 4 leadership skills groups: cognitive skills, interpersonal skills, business skills, and strategic skills. The organizations might consider these skills as requirements for the leaders in the transition process towards Industry 4.0.

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