Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Disassembly oriented assessment methodology to support design for recycling

1994 , Seliger, G. , Kriwet, A. , Zussmann, E.

This paper describes an assessment methodology to support product design for "end-of-life" phase. It is based on the assessment of feasible options for disassembling a product and applying recycling processes to its components and subassemblies. The methodology balances the future effort to be invested in recycling processes with the future benefit regainable by reduction of dumping fees and sale of recovered materials, components and subassemblies. It identifies the optimal recycling strategy for a given product with respect to multiple economical and environmental objectives of the designer. The assessment aids the designer by allowing him to compare design alternatives and identify weak spots of the design. The methodology is illustrated by assessing alternative future scenarios for the recycling of a washing machine subassembly.

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Integration of recycling considerations into product design - a system approach

1994 , Seliger, G. , Zussmann, E. , Kriwet, A.

This paper presents an integrative approach for design-for-recycling of products. A system approach is suggested integrating the products recycling feautres, the recycling process and the product logistic support during the products life cycle. Design-for-recycling is defined as a design for ease of product and maximum output. Rules dedicated for design-for-recycling are given particularly to the disassembly process of a product during the recycling stage. The design approach is demonstrated by investigating a washing machine as a representative of a "white" household machines family. The recyclability of the machine is evaluated, where different design-forrecycling rules are applied in order to improve the machine recycling characteristics.

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Design for disassembly in the framework of life-cycle-design

1993 , Seliger, G. , Hentschel, C. , Kriwet, A.

Recycling technical consumer products after usage is a subject of rising importance. The lack of natural ressources, the necessity to save energy and the reduced permission for landfill areas or burning facilities (reflected in the steeply rising cost for waste disposal) have increased the awareness that components and/or materials of used products have to be regained and reused. Current recycling technologies (shredding / milling) allow an almost complete automatic regaining of ferrous metals, whereas nonferrous metals usually have to be sorted out by hand. The rising fraction of plastic materials, rubber, glass and textiles can not be regained and has to be deposited. Disassembly of the product prior to shredding allows to increase the share of materials to be regained for further use. Furthermore, ease of disassembly is also an important factor for reducing maintanance and repair costs. In order to minimize disassembly costs, the ease of disassembly has to be considered during the d esign process. However, design for disassembly is only one factor amongst many in the scope of Life Cycle Design (LCD). In order to weigh its importance, common evaluation criteria and a common measuring unit is needed for all "costs" and "benefits" during all stages of the Life Cycle.

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