Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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  • Publication
    Build-up strategies for temperature control using laser metal deposition for additive manufacturing
    ( 2018)
    Petrat, Torsten
    ;
    Winterkorn, René
    ;
    Graf, Benjamin
    ;
    Gumenyuk, Andrey
    ;
    Rethmeier, Michael
    The track geometry created with laser metal deposition (LMD) is influenced by various parameters. In this case, the laser power has an influence on the width of the track because of an increasing energy input. A larger melt pool is caused by a rising temperature. In the case of a longer welding process, there is also a rise in temperature, resulting in a change of the track geometry. This paper deals with the temperature profiles of different zigzag strategies and spiral strategies for additive manufacturing. A two-color pyrometer is used for temperature measurement on the component surface near the melt pool. Thermocouples measure the temperatures in deeper regions of a component. The welds are located in the center and in the edge area on a test part to investigate the temperature evolution under different boundary conditions. The experiments are carried out on substrates made from mild steel 1.0038 and with the filler material 316L. The investigations show an influence on the temperature evolution by the travel path strategy as well as the position on the part. This shows the necessity for the development and selection of build-up strategies for different part geometries in additive manufacturing by LMD.
  • Publication
    Temperature generation of different travel path strategies to build layers using Laser Metal Deposition
    ( 2017)
    Petrat, Torsten
    ;
    Graf, Benjamin
    ;
    Winterkorn, René
    ;
    Gumenyuk, Andrey
    ;
    Rethmeier, Michael
    Laser Metal Deposition offers the chance to build near net shape parts. The temperature evolution within the process has an influence on track and layer geometries. There are special travel path strategies required to produce near net shape components and reduce shape deviation resulting of error propagation. This paper deals with the temperature progression of individual layers and the maximum heating of deeper substrate regions. Spiral and zig-zag strategies are examined. The investigations are carried out using S235JR as substrate and 316L as powder material. The influence of different strategies on temperature evolution is discussed. The results from the experiments show that various production strategies are associated with different temperature fields. Furthermore, the extent of the temperature variations of layer strategies and layer position are strongly dependent on the production direction. These results demonstrate the importance of developing suitable build-up strategies for parts of complex shape to ensure a stable process with constant temperature as well as even layers.