Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionsanlagen und Konstruktionstechnik IPK

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Digital Twins within the Circular Economy: Literature Review and Concept Presentation

2024-03-26 , Mügge, Janine , Seegrün, Anne , Hoyer, Tessa-Katharina , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

Digital twins offer a promising approach to sustainable value creation by providing specific life cycle data and enabling the monitoring and implementation of circular economy strategies throughout the product’s life cycle. By analyzing product, component, and material data, as well as process data, it is possible to create transparency throughout a product’s life cycle, build a data-driven product ecosystem, and establish new business and value creation models, from SMEs to large enterprises. This paper identifies application scenarios, their technological readiness level, and the challenges of digital twins for the circular economy in the manufacturing industry based on a systematic literature review. Gaps such as ensuring a continuous flow of information and taking into account the different levels of digitalization of companies are identified. As a main result, a holistic concept for the scoping of a digital twin for the circular economy is presented. One specific use case for end-of-life decision-making is elaborated upon. It is shown that the circular economy can be supported by digital twin data, especially for the optimal decision on end-of-life vehicles.

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Sustainable product lifecycle management with Digital Twins: A systematic literature review

2023-07 , Seegrün, Anne , Kruschke, Thomas , Mügge, Janine , Hardinghaus, Louis , Knauf, Tobias , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

A Digital Twin (DT) is a virtual replica of a product or product-service system, which can be used to provide transparency of a product's sustainability and to positively influence the ecological impact throughout its lifecycle by means of intelligent data analytics. This paper identifies current sustainability-focused application scenarios of DTs in the manufacturing industry and outlines the results of a systematic literature review (SLR). The identification of the state-of-the-art and the assessment of current DT concepts with regard to the addressed product lifecycle phases, technological maturity and sustainability scope point towards key directions to guide future research.

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Considering LCA in System Architectures of Smart-Circular PSS

2023 , Kruschke, Thomas , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

The realization of smart-circular Product-Service Systems has theoretically promising advantages compared to traditional products. Nevertheless, the sustainability improvement, especially for the ecological dimension is not yet satisfactorily proved. In this paper, the authors examined the current state of research within a systematic literature review with a specific focus on the overlap of the topics: Life Cycle Assessment, Model-Based Systems Engineering, Product-Service Systems, and Circular Economy. The aim is to analyze the potential of a proactive quantification of the ecological impact in an early stage during the development of smart-circular PSS - the system architecture definition. As a result of the systematic review, 27 relevant papers were identified and analyzed and the findings are presented in a structured way. The main finding is that the current state of the art in this research field still is in the conceptualization stage. In addition, a proactive approach is rare and circularity is not considered to its fullest. Quantified use cases do not draw the system boundaries Cradle-to-Cradle and not every of the 9R-strategies is considered. Furthermore, the potentials and challenges of the revealed research gap are summarized.

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Dimensions of Industrial Openness - Understanding Openness and its Implications for Sustainable Transformation

2023 , Weiher, Nils , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

The topic of Openness is of growing importance for industry, especially in Europe. However, the term Openness is used very differently. Openness includes several concepts, including Open Source Hardware, Open Source Software, Open Data, Open Standards, Open Innovation, Open Science and Open Education. The concepts address different dimensions of Openness, all based on some kind of participation and with the goal to create more transparency and accessibility. This article defines the concepts and provides a basic understanding of their importance for industry and for greater sustainability.

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Developing Digital Twins for energy efficiency in the production phase of products

2024 , Wehking, Sebastian , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Tanrikulu, Cansu , Lindow, Kai

The relevance of digital solutions to enable sustainable value creation, the monitoring and ultimately the reduction of the environmental footprint has increased. New information technologies and increased data availability along a product's lifecycle offer more tools to assess product sustainability than ever before. This paper presents how a Digital Twin needs to be designed to help monitor product-level energy efficiency and how such a Digital Twin can be implemented. State-of-the-art research on Digital Twins and their development, lifecycle assessment, and energy efficiency are introduced. There is a lack of evaluated implementations of methodical DT development in different scenarios, especially for the evaluation of product-level energy efficiency during production. Results of a research project with the focus on the development and implementation of Digital Twins are presented. The use case is set within the scenario of the sequential development of a product simultaneously with the development of the Digital Twin. The focus is put on the implementation of an energy consumption prediction and product carbon footprint analytics module as part of the Digital Twin. The development approach is presented and recommendations for the development of future Digital Twins are derived.

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Digital Twin for Circular Economy

2023-05 , Mügge, Janine , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai

Digital twins offer a promising approach to sustainable value creation by providing a specific data base for the monitoring and execution of circular economy strategies. By analyzing product, component and material as well as process data, it is possible to create transparency throughout a products lifecycle and address current challenges such as climate change and resource scarcity. The concept of a digital twin for circular economy enables to build a data-driven ecosystem and supports new business and value creation models from SMEs to large enterprises. This paper identifies application scenarios, their technological readiness level and challenges of digital twins for circular economy in the manufacturing industry based on a systematic literature review. As a second result, a generic concept of a digital twin for circular economy is presented.

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Implementing digital twins in existing infrastructures

2023 , Lünnemann, Pascal , Lindow, Kai , Goßlau, Leo

Digital twins can offer various added values for companies. As part of a three-year research project, we are investigating the methodological approach, for building digital twins in existing infrastructures. In particular, the functional requirements of future users will be addressed, as this is less focused in existing approaches. Within the framework of this publication, we discuss the applied methodology as well as the created models and concepts. Initial insights were gained in the simultaneous development of digital twins in parallel projects with use cases for electric motors, production process monitoring and maintenance of gas turbine components. In detail, it becomes clear that software development methods (e.g. use cases, user stories, scenario development) are a good way to describe the expected added value functions. It is essential to involve the future users in the development as early as possible. Transferring the necessary functions identified in this way into a functional architecture shows that this architecture is mostly independent of the use case. Likewise, the IT systems used here hardly vary at all. Overall, it shows that a methodical approach can be followed in the development and the implementation can have a high degree of similarity, even in very different use cases, while the exact design, depending on these use cases, is very diverse.

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Conception and Requirements Identification of Gaia-X-Based Service Offerings

2023-08-10 , Tanrikulu, Cansu , Gogineni, Sonika , Kondak, Konstantin , Lindow, Kai

Gaia-X is an initiative to develop the next generation of a secure and federated European data infrastructure to promote digital sovereignty for data exchange to fuel innovations. This paper introduces the basics of Gaia-X, in particular the mobility domain, followed by the federated system and its standards. In addition, a research methodology is presented to help conceptualize and derive requirements for service offerings on a Gaia-X-based data space. This is elaborated with a use case from the project "GAIA-X4 AMS" (Gaia-X4-Advanced Mobility Services), which reflects implementation in Gaia-X ecosystems and its added value.

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PLM und Digitalisierung als grüne Wegbereiter

2023-04-04 , Seegrün, Anne , Lindow, Kai , Kirsch, Lucas

Der Klimawandel bestimmt zunehmend den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Was kann die Industrie tun, um sich dieser Generationenherausforderung zu stellen? Fakt ist: Die Zeiten, in denen Nachhaltigkeit lediglich in der Strategie-Roadmap und als Absichtserklärung im Jahresbericht auftaucht, sind vorbei – jetzt geht es um Konkretisierung. Gut, dass die Digitalisierung helfen kann.

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Taxonomy for Biological Transformation Principles in the Manufacturing Industry

2023 , Berkhahn, Magda , Kremer, Gerald , Riedelsheimer, Theresa , Lindow, Kai , Stark, Rainer

Industry and research are seeking answers to current demands in industrial value creation, like resilience of production, sufficient product quality and sustainability of products and processes. A novel line of thought, seeking the accomplishment of those is the Biological Transformation (BT). BT describes the interweaving of biological modes of action, materials and organisms with engineering and information sciences. The conflation of disciplines from natural, technical and social sciences yields in a heterogeneous field of activities with ambiguous technical terms. An ascertainment of principles of BT is required to classify yet undifferentiated patterns in nature-based production, facilitating their systematic implementation in aiming for sustained solutions on current challenges. With increasing research in biomimetic, attempts arise to capture nature‑based activities in manufacturing through schematic classifications. Yet, basic semantics representing the effective principles of BT in the manufacturing industry is lacking. The goal of this publication is to introduce a taxonomy of Biological Transformation in manufacturing based on its core principles Bio Inspiration, Bio Integration and Bio Interaction. Within the research project BioFusion 4.0, the taxonomy was developed and applied to classify technology innovations. The paper presents the taxonomy, its development and application in use cases.

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