Orcos, RaquelRaquelOrcosPérez-Aradros, BeatrizBeatrizPérez-AradrosBlind, KnutKnutBlind2022-03-052022-03-052018https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/25631310.1016/j.jwb.2018.07.002This research explores the factors underpinning the international diffusion of environmental management standards (EMSs), focusing on how macro-level institutions explain differences in the extent to which ISO 14001 has penetrated into each country. We argue that macro-level institutions affect the diffusion of ISO 14001 by shaping both how managers assess it and the pressures that stakeholders exert on firms to adopt it. Our results, based on a sample of 49 countries between 2000 and 2014, show that informal and formal institutions, namely, uncertainty avoidance and market-supporting institutions, contribute to explaining cross-country variations in the number of firms implementing ISO 14001.en004journal article