Höyhtyä, MarkoMarkoHöyhtyäCorici, MariusMariusCoriciCovaci, StefanStefanCovaciGuta, MariaMariaGuta2022-03-142022-03-142021https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/41055210.1049/cp.2019.1236This chapter creates a vision for 5G and beyond satellite connectivity and discusses use cases where development is needed. We define a layered architecture for future integrated terrestrial-nonterrestrial networks and discuss what are the key communications technologies needed to make the operation reliable and efficient. We outline research challenges including high-frequency bands, spectrum sharing and interference management, optical communications, and network management using software-defined networking principles. Autonomous transport and autonomous satellites are described both as key drivers behind the development as well as disruptive technologies to fulfill future needs.ensoftware-defined satellitesthree-dimensional networksformationAutonomous Systemsquantum communication004conference paper