Riepe, StephanStephanRiepeKrenckel, PatriciaPatriciaKrenckelSchindler, FlorianFlorianSchindlerSchubert, Martin C.Martin C.SchubertBenick, JanJanBenick2022-03-052022-03-052016https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/249394High-efficiency silicon solar cells require silicon wafers of high electrical quality as the base material. One advantage of n-type compared with p-type doped silicon is the smaller impact of many metal impurities on the electrical material quality. This applies especially to n-type multicrystalline silicon ingots produced by the directional solidification process, with dissolved metal impurities typically introduced by the crucible system.enMaterialien - Solarzellen und TechnologiePhotovoltaikSilicium-PhotovoltaikfeedstockKristallisation und Waferingsiliconn-typeTOPCon solar celljournal article