Heidrich, H.H.HeidrichHoffmann, D.D.HoffmannDoldissen, W.W.DoldissenKlug, M.M.Klug2022-03-022022-03-021984https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/171494A novel low-loss passive planar 4*4 star coupler consisting of four interconnected 3 dB couplers was fabricated on X-cut LiNbO3:Ti using Z-propagation. Almost even distribution was achieved for both TE and TM polarised light incident on any of the four inputs. Excess loss including fibre coupling was <4.2 dB.enintegrated opticslithium compoundsoptical communication equipmentoptical couplersoptical fibresoptical waveguidestitaniumless than 4.2 db excess losslow-loss typepassive planar configurationte modesingle-mode operationoptical communication devices4*4 star couplerx-cutz-propagationtm polarised lightlinbo3621384journal article