Towards practical design of adhesive injection processes

Adhesive injection into thin bond-lines was studied to establish a computationally efficient prediction tool for flow-front evolution, internal velocities and injection pressures. A reduced-order gap-flow approach based on the Partially Filled Gap Model (PFGM) was extended from squeeze-flow to injection by introducing localised inlets, explicit outlets and gravitational body-force contributions for inclined gaps, and was verified against reference problems for source-flow kinematics, conservation of injected volume and gravity-driven redistribution.