Architectural Considerations

To identify the key architectural considerations for the military domain, this chapter surveys prominent civilian IoT architectures and standardization efforts (e.g., ETSI M2M, oneM2M, IoT-A, and IEEE P2413). It highlights the lack of universal standards and resulting interoperability issues. Unique military challenges are analyzed, including the need for decentralized operations, resilience in limited or unreliable tactical networks, robust cybersecurity (providing confidentiality, integrity, availability, and trust), COTS integration, and interoperability with legacy systems. A gateway-based architecture for integrating civilian/COTS IoT into the military domain, along with a generic layered MIoT reference model, is proposed.