AI in Healthcare. Clinical Prediction and Decision Support

In the chapter "AI and Healthcare: Clinical Prediction and Decision Support," we examine the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector from both the technical and clinical perspectives, with a focus on clinical prediction and decision support. We begin with an overview of AI models and technologies for clinical tasks, including convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory models, transformers, and generative AI methods. We discuss the evolution of these methodologies, their benefits, and technical challenges when applied to clinical data. We then present applications of AI models in specific clinical settings, such as radiology, emergency departments, intensive care units and general practice. Within these clinical domains, we review the potential of AI to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflows, and improve patient outcomes. Finally, we discuss the practical challenges of integrating AI in clinical use, while also presenting solutions to facilitate the adoption of AI in healthcare.