Making the most of EU research and innovation investments: Rethinking dual use

The ESIR Policy Brief highlights the importance of dual-use research and innovation (R&I) in the EU. It recommends that the EU adopt a "dual-use by design" approach, integrating dual-use research into the next EU Framework Programme and aligning it with the European Defence Fund. Overall, the paper aims to promote a comprehensive approach to dual-use R&I in the EU, balancing security, innovation, and ethical considerations.